What do we know about our progenitor Samuel Dean? He was born on Christmas Day 1760 in Maryland. He was a rugged and hardy frontiersman and Indian fighter. He would have worn buckskin, moccasins and carried a rife not a musket, large knife, and tomahawk or Ax. He had trudged over every mountain and hiked every trail in Western Pennsylvania in search of murdering Red Coats and their Surrogate Indians during the Revolutionary War from 1779 to 1883 and fought in the Indian Wars from 1791 until 1794. The British would pay 50 pounds for a scalp from patriot men and women or their children. Samuel thrived in the wilderness, encountered wild animals, Indians, and harsh conditions. He was a patriot and did more than his share of military service. His father, Thomas, was ill and brother, Thomas, had a large family so Samuel served the Militia Service requirement for both his father and older brother. His other brother Capt. John Dean was in the Rangers on the Frontiers in Bedford County and died in the Indian Wars on October 22, 1790.
The following information was taken from PHMC "Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission:
"The "Act to Regulate the Militia of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania" passed 17 March 1777, and the subsequent Militia Act passed March 20, 1780, together with their amendments, required all white men between the ages of 18 and 53 capable of bearing arms to serve two months of militia duty on a rotating basis. Refusal to turn out for military exercises would result in a fine, the proceeds from which were used to hire substitutes. Also, important to understand is that the 1777 Militia Act automatically expired in 1780 and was immediately replaced by a new Militia Act that also lasted for three years and was superseded by a third Militia Act in 1783."

Terms of service recorded in Samuel F. Dean's pension request form:
Apr. 1, 1779 - Six months...three terms of service for himself, father, and brother
Mar. or Apr. 1780 - Six months…three terms of service for himself, father, and brother
Mar. or Apr. 1781- Six months …three terms of service for himself, father, and brother
1782 – Four months…two terms of service for himself and his brother Thomas
1783 – Four months…two terms of service for himself and his brother Thomas

Terms of service in his written story of service:
Private Samuel Dean's Service
Date ... Length of service... Battalion Company Officer ... Regiment Commander
April 4, 1779, 7 Months, Cap. Abraham Covalt 3rd Bat. 6th Co., Col. John Piper Bedford Co. Militia
June 1, 1780, 2 Month, Cap. Abraham Covalt 3rd Bat. 6th Co., Col. John Piper Bedford Co. Militia
Aug. 2, 1780, 5 Months, 2nd Cap. Philip Longstreth 2nd Bat. 4th Co. ***, Col. John Piper Bedford Co. Militia
April 1, 1781, 7 Months, 2nd Cap. Philip Longstreth 2nd Bat. 4th Co.***, *Col George Ashman Bedford Co. Militia
April 1, 1782, 4 Months, Cap. Abraham Covalt 2nd Bat., **Undesignated Co. *Col George Ashman Bedford Co. Militia
April 1, 1783, 4 Months, Cap. Abraham Covalt 2nd Bat., **Undesignated Co. *Col George Ashman Bedford Co. Militia

* Col George Ashman elected new Bedford County Lieutenant November 25, 1780. Ref: PA Colonial Records, Volume XII page 554.

** Undesignated Militia…Very few "Undesignated Rosters" exist for some companies which were not included within the structure of the Battalion system for the Bedford County Militia. These "undesignated" companies were primarily ranging companies (Rangers), enlisted to roam through the forests on the lookout for Indian and Tory incursions.

*** Third Battalion changed to the Second Battalion about October 1, 1780. The new officers were elected in the Spring/Summer of 1781. No rosters for the men in the companies that made up the 2nd Battalion of the Bedford County Militia are available. The names of the officers of the eight companies of the old Bedford County 3rd Battalion and new 2nd Battalion were recorded.

The pension file for Samuel F. Dean was in poor condition and hard to read, but I was able to transcribe the information letter by letter. The grammar was poor, but readable and gave accounts that compared to his commanding officers. Samuel also gave narratives of his father and his two of brothers' service and where he lived and traveled in his record. The following was copied from Samuel Dean and Captain Philip Longstreth pension files with numbered references at the end of this chapter:

U.S. Revolutionary War Pension Application R2806 Samuel Dean

Transcribed with reference numbers:
By: Jacob J. Leisle, Col. Ret: USA Force

State of Pennsylvania County of Fayette, on the 11 day of September 1845: Personally, appeared before the Honorable H. Ewing, Judge of the court in before the county of Fayette & State aforesaid, Samuel Dean age 85 (no record of his age) who being first duty sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the acts of Congress signed June 7, 1832. That he the Said Dean engaged in the Service of the United State (or State Troops) on or about the fourth day of April in the year of 1779, as a substitute for the term of six months of the Bedford County militia and volunteers & in the company commanded by Captain Colt, alias Covolt, and of the Regiment then commanded by Colonel Piper, & Col Coombs, who was (as the deponent believes) was the Lieutenant20 of said County by were all of the Pennsylvania line. That they was soon ordered out to the fort and block houses on Yellow creek they were divided off in Scouting parties21 and that deponent was sent to the little fort called the Standing Stone22 and that they continued Scouting until they was ordered to Raystown gap,23 where the Indians has committed several outrages. Same time in the month of September in Said year that after same time they entered by way of the Juniata River, and Sometime in the month of October they was honorably discharged at Fort Yellow Creek by the Said Col Piper. Deponent states that he don't recollect how his father and older brother had arranged his services, but that the Said Captain accepted of deponent to Serve in the place of his father and brother Thomas.24 That on or about the last of March or near the first of April in the year of 1780, deponent again assigned for six months longer under this company commanded by Captain Longstreth, under the said Col Piper Regt, that they rendezvoused25 at Said Col Pipers Fort on Said Yellow creek, and from thence they was generally ordered out to the many different places and news came that the Indians had killed Cap. Donlap, alias Dunlap,26 on the waters of Juniata,27 to which place they was immediately sent, but the Said Indians had escaped, and deponent and some others continued burying the dead, whilst the other Solders went in pursuit of Said Indians, Later near this time, the Indians, either the same or same others who (we attained them at night) we had a Skirmish with them above Said Fort on Yellow creek to which place they went or was ordered from Said Dunlap,28 and before the other Said Soldiers returned we found aforesaid Indians in camp. Deponent believes that from thence they went to Fort Yellow Creek, and from thence to Woodcock Valley, and from that to the Standing Stone, and after Some time in the month of October they was honorably discharged at Said Standing Stone, thinks where the town of Huntington now stands, James Reed, was killed and John Cook, and others in this days skirmish. (Said Cook fell in 1791 when he deponent was engaged in Gen St. Clair battle and great defeat.) That in mid-March the last of March and first of April 1781 that deponent again engaged for the same time of the month and believes29 under the said Captain Colt alias Covolt was out mostly at the same forts and which lawless as before other than they was a considerable time at Fort Littleton30 and when that there were noted Indians. They was engaged in September said forts and making new block houses in place of the Indians had previously burnt all of which they had built, and is now against the last of September and in last of October was ordered to Fort Yellow Creek which they was discharged and again returned home to his father on the south branch of the Juniata being discharged by his officers, but also lived on the Kiskimanetas.31 That he cannot state perfectly how long he served in the following tours of 1782 & 1783, but it could not have been less than four months in each year. Deponent further declares that his said father then was discharged from the rolls from inability and old age and that he deponent in large had to serve for his said father as duty states and died with the smallpox and deponent continual to serve, but only by regular two-month draft for his brother and him for which was about five months in each year. That the deponent continued for himself and his brother, Thomas Dean, which who had a family be for whom deponent continued to serve until the fall of 1783, but the Said Indians did not stop their attacks. That it was on or about the last of March 178232 he engaged under the Said Capt. Colt and that they were immediately against Said Indians. Ligonier, as the Indians had attacked fort Fayette four times they went south to Fort Ligonier Town, which then they said wild Indians had burnout. In September, they was discharged. But time for my last four months is 1783 and that I was born in the County of Bedford in the Said State of Pennsylvania in the 25th December 1760 and on my sixty year age left South Bedford County to said County of Fayette where he has resided in Wharton Township in Said County, that he had to his former Col Piper, who has the deployment declaration for pension about 17or 18 or 20 years' time, but nothing further done he believes that the said Col died many years' time, that nearly all of the Said officers and Soldiers who served with him are deceased. That Captain Philip Longstreth had previously given his certificate also John Devoll had also, both of whom died in Juniata County, Pennsylvania. Said Col Piper Regiment that the above insistence the further as respectfully mentioned after reflectively much on the time and hereby relinquishes every claim whatever to a pension or annuity assign the forewent also declare that his name is not on the pension roll of any agency in any State whatsoever. Signed with his mark Samuel [X] Dean

Note: November 13, 1845 the following was attached to Samuels F. Dean's pension file sighed by Samuel Dean by his mark. I researched all the names and found then correct of notable officers in the Pennsylvania military of the time and place.
From the above document: Mr. S. Dean, Says, if necessary he can state the names of some of the State Continental officers of the Pa line whom he Saw at Fort Kittanning, Fort McIntosh, Fort Pitt and Fort Columbia on Susquehanna, via Col. Dan Brodhead, Col. John Gibson, Col. Archibald Lochry, Col. Wm Crawford, Col. (Indian) Jas' James Smith, Col. Hays, and Col. Stinson, alas Stevenson, Even better acquainted with Said Col. Piper and Col Edward Coombs, under whom I served – but Col. Butler and Col Hubley who he saw at said Fort Columbia, and under who his father Served in the earlier part of Said war until 1778, but that he well knows that the Said Col Butler fell at, and in Said St. Clair's defeat, of the Indian war of 1791, also the late Gen. George Gibson, also knew Col. Late Willian Darke in Said battle, also Col. John Francis Hamtramck thinks absent from Said battle, ???????? knows Captain Lagler, I also much respected Captain William McKurdy (McCurdy) under whom his brother John (DEAN) fell in Gen Josiah Harmar's defeat of 1790, and of Col. John Hardins detachment or Regiment, I was inevitably informed, and I was not a soldier out under Gen. Harmar, but that I was under Said Gen St. Clair in 1791. Also, requested to State the above officer's names be of no consequence whatsoever, In support of his claim.
his
Samuel X Dean
mark
Note: March 30, 1846 the following was attached to Samuels Dean's pension file sighed by Jacob Collery and William W. Stump justice of the peace.

Reads as follows:
State of Pennsylvania
Of the County of Fayette Co.
I Jacob Wollery do hereby certify that after hearing the Statement made by the above named Samuel Dean long a resident of Wharton Township in said county and resident of Bedford County Pennsylvania aforesaid and who now states that he engaged first in 1779 mostly as a volunteer and Militia Soldier against the Indians in the time of the Revolutionary War and of Colonel Piper's and Lieutenant Col. Combi Regiment of the Pennsylvania line and mostly in the campaigns commanded by Captains Philip Longstreth and Cap. Covalt alas Cap. Colt, and that he served in Said war from 1779 until 1783 and that after which he engaged in the Indian war of 1791 until 1794 and in 1791 was in Gen. St. Clair campaign, and that I verily believe the Said Samuel Dean present Statement to be just and true, but my father and family was then residing near Fort Ligonier, Pa. not far distance from the Said Col Piper's Fort, and that we had to be considerably guarding that part of the frontier, but was almost considerably in the above mentioned, and more per year, but not so long in each year, as the Said Dean, who served for his father and his brother Thomas, and his own tours and assigned much service, which was not to exceed Six months in each year, the same as the volunteers unless one emission required them longer, but they served longer mostly together from 1779 until 1783 and also together at Bloody run Fort or Blockhouses, and at Fort Ligonier, also sometime at Fort Thomastown. And in the year of 1791 the Said Dean engaged under Cap. Richard Sparks and I think Col Butler's troops, and was out to the west under Gen St. Clair (who I was not under) and after then service returned, the Said Dean and I served in the Said Indian wars. Jacob Wollery
Swore and subscribed before me Justice of the Peace in Said county 30 March 1846.
Wm. W. Stumph J. P.

NOTES:
Bloody Run is a 1.4-mile-long (2.3 km) tributary of the Raystown Branch Juniata River in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Bloody Run flows down a valley between Tussey Mountain and Warrior Ridge, and enters the Raystown Branch in Everett, Pennsylvania.
THOMASTOWN - Southern section of Tyrone Township in Blair County.
Daniel Wollery Family– Recorded in 1779 resident in Frankstown Township, Bedford County (now Blair County) tax assessment return.
Recorded in "The Soldiers of America's First Army 1791" by Richard M. Lytle, Consulting Editor Martin Gordon, The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland - Toronto – Oxford 2004 page 327: DEAN, Samuel Pvt.- Butler's Inf. Co./2nd Levy Reg. Enlisted October 1, 1791. Discharged August 20, 1794. Richard Sparks was recorded the Capt. in Maj. Thomas Butler's Co.

U.S. Revolutionary War Pension Application W12144 Captain Philip Longstreth

On the 9th day of January 1833 personally appeared before the Honorable Judge of the court of common pleas now Shilling, Philip Longsteth late a resident of the County but mostly of Wayne Township in the County of Greene and state of Pennsylvania aged 84 years, who being first duty sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefit of the act of Congress passed June 7th 1832. That he entered enlistment as a private in the service of the United States in the year A.D. 1776 under the following named officers.

That in the month of June 1776, he resided in Bedford County Pennsylvania he enlisted for the term of Six months in the Town of Hancock in the State of Maryland as a private, in the company commanded by Captain Andrew Hines, first Lieutenant Ezekiel Cox, Second Lieutenant Isane McCracken, and Ensign John L. Jacob's and march from that to Little York, and from hence through Lancaster on to Philadelphia, and from hence to Trenton New Jersey, hence to Prance from that to Brunswick, from that to South Amboy, from hence to Newark, and from hence to Elisabeth Town, and hence we was marched to General Bell's Brigade from then to Dobb's Ferry on the North River, and soon to the battle of White Plains, and that he was engaged in the Said battle, Soon after which they returned to Dobb's ferry, and remained there until they was ordered to Fort Lee, and arrived there a little before day of the same day of the battle at Fort Washington, Soon after which we returned to Elisabeth Town and from there to Philadelphia, and there discharged by the Said Captain Hines in December of 1776 and from hence returned home to Bedford County afore said.

And hence remained until the month of February 1777 when Col. Pumroy and his troops came through Said County of Bedford that he the declarant and Jesseph Noael, Richard Mercer and Edward Deriney joined the Said Troops and marched with them to Morris Town in the State of New Jersey, where he enlisted under a residing officer by the name of Scott with whom Said declarant brother had previously enlisted for the term of three years and that I enlister foe two years, that our officer by the name of Scott with whom Said declarant brother had previously enlisted for the term of three years and that I enlisted for two years that our term might expire at the same time, but Said Scott failed or resigned or got out owing to his old age, and inability and the loss of memory and he the deponent cannot distinct recollect, neither the number of the Regiment, nor which of the regiment captains he became attached too first, but was for some time under Said Second Lieutenant John McMullin for at least two months, until we was ordered to guard the seven ammunition wagons from Morris Town to Dobb's ferry in which he continued for three trips and from Said Dobb's ferry as a guard for Said ammunition to Plattsburg loaded with Grape Shot and ball, but immediately after we were there we was ordered to Saratoga and before he got there he was ordered to take charge and drive an artillery wagon whose cannon he helped to man during the battle and after Said battle he and the rest of Said Scott's recruits was attached to Captain Claypole and Captain Bush and was a while under Captain Claypole and a short period under Col. Hartly, when at New Winsor when Captain Claypole gave him a furlough for two months to come home, and that after which he rejoined the company at Valley Forge, which he recollects to have been a little after the New year 1778, when he then was attached under Captain Bush afore said and of Col. Hubley 11th Pennsylvania Regiment and that he was employed driving wagon hauling forage wood and during the winter and space and that he was driving the other cavalry wagon at the battle of Monmouth after Said battle mostly he continued to drive until General Sullivan's campaign commenced, to which his company was attached, and that I drove a baggage wagon as far as a little beyond the Wyoming and then he was ordered to drive Seven Pack horses throughout the Said Campaign which he recollects to be in the fall of 1779 and that when Said army returned we came in by the way of Easton Pa. and from hence to Morris Town New Jersey where they encamped during the winter where he was under army and driving wagons occasionally until he was discharged in the month of May or June 1780 but he best recollects it to have been in June aforesaid and that he received his discharge from the Said Captain Bush, but had to go to Col. Hubley at Little York Pa. to get Said Col. Hubley to Sign the Said discharge and that he was detained a year longer in Said Service than what the term of his Said enlistment was intended. – (A Lieutenant Commission had been Sent to his wife in Bedford County Pa. for him to serve in the Militia as the Indians was very troublesome in that County, providing he should return from Said service) And that when at home in said County he received a Captains Commission. In May through the influence of Col Piper, though unsolicited by me, and that the necessity of the country, compelled me to accept of the same. That he have the rank of the 2nd Captain1 of the 3rd Battalion of Bedford County Militia for the term of 1780, 1781, 1782 & 1783, or that he served as such in the Said Service from the 2nd day of August 1780, until after Said commission expense, but continued five weeks longer in the Said Service, until the different stations was Supplied, which was about the 20th of August 1783 when he left the Service. That the first engagement in the Said Service as a Captain of the 6 month volunteers,2 and the line months militia as a full company of Said Volunteers could not be made up at that time and that when the news came to the Said Capt. Longstreth that the Indians had killed Heady and Scott and family at Wisecarver fort3 when he Said Capt. Immediately ordered on 2nd of August, 17804 to march by continuous rout to that place, and after they had arrived and buried the dead, and were ordered to Fort Yellow Creek5 beyond the Juniata waters, for to keep a standing garrison at Said Yellow Creek fort and to keep scouting parties always out in different parts of the country, when they continued until Sometime after the Second class6 of militia arrived and then one half of their company was ordered to Fort Ligonier, he thinks in Westmoreland County, for a considerable time, and from thence before to Fort Hannerstown7 in Said county and from that to Loyalhanna waters, where a small fort8 was kept until destroyed by Indians and thence we returned to Yellow Creek and that some after which his term of Six months expired and that about the tenth of Jan. 1781 he returned home as it was alleged that the Indians would commit no further depredation at least until the braking up of the Said winter, but he had not been at home more than about 23 days until an urgent express came for him by the Said Col. Piper who again ordered him to call or notify the Said militia about the 6th of February 1781 and for as manly volunteers and as long a period as possible and to march to the Ledmine Fort9 in Sinking Valley where the Indians had been and killed Captain Philips10 and some others near at or near the Said fort, and that they was soon ordered to Frankstown,11 at or near where Captain Peck12 and family were killed, and where it was further concluded and ordered that standing forts should be kept at the following named places, at Fort Littleton,13 Yellow Creek Fort (near Col. Piper's), Fort McConnellstown,14 Frankstown Fort (near the Cove),15 Fort Harden16 and another fort on the branch of the Susquehanna,17 which was on or near one of the Indian routes where he was at the building Said fort. They continued in scouting parties for about three months until they were ordered to another little fort on the Kiskimanetas,18 where they remained about a month. Within five days after they returned to the fort on the Susquehanna, the Indians returned to Littleton's Fort, where they killed James Nelson and Vander, and sometime later they killed Captain Dunlap19 and two or three of his family, as well as a few other people. All this in spite of the efforts of the soldiers to prevent such happenings. Deponent further declares that he was honorably dismiss from the Said Service at Frankstown about the 20th August 1783, after his commission had expired.

Samuel F. Dean's pension request R2806 was rejected because of insufficient proof of service. The officer in the U S Government Pension Office was misguided in his investigation. In Samuel Dean's final government report, in his pension file, the wrong colonel was used for proof of Samuel's service. The colonel the U S Pension Office investigated was Lt. Col. James Piper. He was the Commandant of the 1st Battalion of Miles' Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment who was captured on August 27, 1776 and died in captivity. Samuel Dean's Regiment commander was Col. John Piper. He was the commander of the Bedford County 3rd Regiment of the first, second and third Battalions with eight companies each. There wasn't any testimony available from Samuel's battalion or company officers he server under because they were dead when he submitted his application in 1846. In addition, Samuel Dean wasn't recorded on any muster rolls in Bedford County, so his pension was rejected. We know Samuel and his father Thomas sixth class served because they are recorded on 1781 military tax list in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. The average tax for those who pledged their allegiance to the patriot cause was 9 pence. Samuel Dean paid 4 pence and his father, Thomas, paid 1 shilling 10 pence. Those who did not swear allegiance had to pay two Pounds Ten Shillings.
Samuel F. Dean's headstone requested was made by a well-meaning relative in 1959. The dates of birth and death are correct, and the years served in the Revolutionary War 1779 - 1783. Commanders recorded in Samuel Dean's pension file were Captains Abraham Covalt and Philip Longstreth not Philips & Butler. Samuel Dean did serve in Thomas Butler's Company in the Indian Wars from 1791 to 1794. She could have been confused about the names. Samuel's middle initial "F" and his father's name, Thomas, was recorded by Samuel's son, Thomas, in the history of Fayette County—1882 and the History of Marshall County Illinois—1983.

There is some incorrect information people are using printed in "Genealogical and Personal History of The Upper Monongahela Valley, West Virginia, by Bucher Vol III 1912" as follows:
"(I) Samuel Dean, immigrant ancestor, was born in England, from whence he emigrated to this county, about 1754, settling in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, where he followed the occupation of farming, deriving therefrom a comfortable livelihood. He married and among his children was Samuel, of whom further.
(II) Samuel (2), son of Samuel (I) Dean, was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, where he was living in 1790, active in the affairs of the community wherein he resided. He served in the revolutionary war, enlisting three times, twice when his father was drafted and once when his brother Thomas was drafted, his enlistment occurring in April 1779, March 1780, and April 1781. This fact demonstrated his patriotism, and this excellent trait of character was inherited by his children and members of the later generations. Five of the sons of Samuel (I) Dean served in the revolutionary war. He married and became the father of one son, Elisha, of whom further, and two daughters. Several members of the family served in the war of 1812.
Elisha son of Samuel (II) Dean, was born in Maryland, where he was reared and educated. He was a farmer and trader; in which lines of work, he was highly successful. Subsequently he removed to Addison, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. His death occurred in the west, and he left as a priceless heritage an honored name.
He married Rachel Wright, a young lady of rare beauty and noble character, and there was born to them ten children. When the father was taken from them the care, education and training of the younger members of the family fell largely upon Samuel, and his older brother Hezekiah. Elisha, one of the younger brothers, died in early manhood – being drowned while bathing in the Youghiogheny River below Somerfield, Pennsylvania…"

The above is partly correct. The immigrant ancestors came from England, but Samuel didn't settle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania in 1754. The year was before the French and Indian Wars. Cumberland County was on the extreme frontier and vulnerable to Indian attacks. It was not until 1765 relations with the Indians in Cumberland County were again peaceful, due in large part to the beginning of their westward migration. Besides, Samuel F. Dean recorded he was born in Maryland in the 1850 census. His father was Thomas. Samuel F. Dean was not Samuel F. Dean II. The correct military service for Samuel is he enlisted for six months each year (1779-1781) for himself, brother and father, Thomas. Samuel served for four months each year (1782-1783) for himself and brother because his father, Thomas, died in 1781 of smallpox. Also, recorded wrong was Samuel only had one son, Elisha, and two daughters. Samuel F. Dean fathered ten sons and three daughters. Samuel's son was Levi not Elisha who married Rachel Wright. Samuel did not have a son named Elisha. In every census and document from 1840 to 1885 Levi was recorded as Levi Dean born in Pennsylvania. Levi was not educated in Maryland because he did not move to Maryland until after the birth of his second son Hezekiah born January 24, 1836, backed up by the 1850 Maryland census. Levi eldest son was Elisha not one of the youngest. Levi did not leave his family in honor. He just left his family high and dry and moved to Nebraska. He married a girl 37 years his younger named Sarah Jane Sanders after having two children with her… Sarah was 14 years old when she gave birth to Effie A. Dean on October 14, 1865. The child died on December 8, 1865. The second Effie A. Dean was born on September 1869 and died a few years later. In 1870 Levi married Sarah Sanders and had five more children. The last child, Daniel J. Dean, was born on February 24, 1885, when Levi was 71 years old.

Also, a Newspaper article on August 19, 1903, was recorded in error: "The Dean Family spring from Samuel Dean a soldier in Revolution under Gen. George Washington, who gave his life at the age of 35 years in defense of the flag. His son was also Samuel Dean, who though only 12 years of age was with his father as a drummer boy in the revolution, and at a more mature age served in the war of 1812…"

Pension records recorded his father's name was Thomas not Samuel. Captain Samuel Dean (1749-1817) from Buck County, Pennsylvania is often mistaken for the father of Samuel F. Dean of Bedford County. Captain Samuel Dean would have been twelve years old when Samuel F. Dean was born.

I trust Samuel's son, Thomas, knew more about his grandfather's name and recorded it correctly in the "History of Fayette County edited by Franklin Ellis in 1882 page 832". Samuel's son, Thomas, lived on the same farm as his dad Samuel and was 48 years old when his father died at 93. Samuel's pension files are more accurate than three or more generations of memories. Samuel's father was Thomas, and both served in the Revolutionary War. The pension files recorded commander's names, Regiments, dates of service and location of skirmishes with sworn testimony who served with him. I have proved to Sons of Revolutionary War Thomas was Samuel's father and his service in the War of Independence with documents. I have transcript with copies of documents on Ancestry.com.

Samuel is also recorded at his grave site with a "Daughters of 1812 Marker" from the Pittsburg Chapter of Society of 1812. Again, the military service in Daughters of 1812 records reference to the wrong Samuel Dean military service as appeared in the newspaper article The Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pennsylvania) Sep 27,1950. "Capt. Samuel Dean (1749-1817)" Wife and family names recorded are correct. Here is what is recorded in Daughters of 1812 archives:
Dean, Samuel F. II
Ancestor ID: 18201 Rank: Capt. Service: Bucks Co. Militia; Sheriff; Representative of Spouse: Martha Camp
Child: Thomas Child's Spouse: Jane Wright
Birth Date: 1760 State: PA
Death Date: 1858 State: PA
Notes: 14502 & 14503 v 78 - anc ser: Patriot Service 1784-1788 Bucks Co.; c. John s. Sarah Jane Crawford; 15317 v 82 - c. Edward s Mary Ann Crawford

Researched information/References

1. 2nd Captain was the rank of 2nd Lieutenant or second in command of the numbered company. Philip Longstreth was commissioned in the 3rd battalion by Col Piper on August 2, 1780. The 3rd Battalion was reorganized in October of 1780 to the 2nd Battalion. The new 2nd Battalion officer roll recorded 2nd Lt. Philip Longstreth in the 2nd Battalion, 4th Company before the new election of officers was held on June 20, 1781 at Lytle's Fort in Huntingdon Township. Captain Abraham Covalt was recorded in the 2nd Battalion as the Captain of the 6th Company before the election. All the officers were changed in the 2nd Battalion with Samuel Dean's brother elected Captain John Dean of the 3rd Company in the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Regiment. Attachment 1&2
• Pa. Archives, Fifth Series. Vol. V. Page 93. Associators; Militia; 2nd Battalion, 1777-1780.
• http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Bedford.aspx
2. Second Lieutenant Longstreth was Captain of the 6-month volunteers with a permanent battalion billet in the 3rd Battalion 4th Company. Private Samuel Dean was assigned as a 6-month volunteer 1779-1781 in the 6th Company under Captain Abraham Covalt.
3. Wisecarver Fort or Blockhouse: George Wisecarver (sometimes spelled Wisegarver) served in the 5th Company 1st Battalion. He was recorded in1779 Bedford Township taxes. Like many forts or blockhouses, the fort was named after the owner. Wisecarver Fort wasn't recorded in any documents or maps other than some pension files.
• Captain George Enslow (Ensley) pension file W4669.
4. Longstreth immediately ordered on 2nd of August, 1780 to march to a place and bury the dead. No record of Heady (Eddy) or Scott family massacre. There were many families killed by Indians during the war. The massacre in Woodcock Valley of Captain William Phillips' Rangers occurred on July 16, 1780. On 06 August, 1780 Col. John Piper sent a report to Joseph Reed (then-President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania) about the shortage of troops and the death of Phillips' Two-Month Militia Rangers. Colonel Piper marched to the place with only ten men and observed the carnage. Letter of Abraham Smith to Pres. Reed August 7, 1780 recorded the bodies had not been buried as of yet.
• PA Archives, First Series, Volume VIII pages 488-489 & pages 491-492.
5. Fort Yellow Creek beyond the Juniata waters was just west of the Frankstown branch of the Juniata river where Yellow Creek feeds into it from the west. Fort Piper was also located in this area six miles northwest of Everett in Hopewell Township in the heart of a small area named Yellow Creek Valley. Woodcock Valley was about 20 miles north on Raystown's Path from where Phillip's Rangers were massacred.
6. The Second class of militia arrived to bring Captain Longstreth's company to full strength. Each Company was organized with 1st through 8th Classes. In 1780 under the provisions of the Militia Law, the men called up for active duty were automatically assigned to companies whose numbers were different from their own company numbers on their permanent billet rolls. Under militia law, Samuel Dean 2nd Class billeted in the 2nd Battalion, 6th Company was called to active duty in the 2nd Battalion 4th Company under Second Lieutenant Philip Longstreth also a 6-month man. After each tour of duty was completed, all of the privates were returned to their permanent battalion billets.
• PHMC phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Overview.aspx
7. Hannastown Fort was in Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County. Hempfield one of the old original townships organized at Hannastown on April 6, 1773. The boundaries were then much larger than now, for it reached from Crabtree run to the Conemaugh river, and included all the territory lying along the Kiskiminetas river and then down to the Youghiogheny and Jacob's creek. Fort Ligonier was 20 miles east of Hannastown.
• History of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Volume 1, Chapter XXXVII by John Newton Boucher, The Lewis Publishing Company, New York, Chicago, 1906 page 502.
8. The little fort on the Loyalhanna waters they marched to next was probably Craig's Fort near New Alexandria about 6 miles' northeast of Hannastown. The average rate for infantry is about 2 miles per hour. The march home to Yellow Creek was about 74 miles from the waters of the Loyalhanna, which would take the better part of a week.
• History of Hempfield & Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pa. From: History of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania by: John N. Boucher, Published By: The Lewis Publishing Company, New York, Chicago, 1906.
9. Ledmine (Lead-Mine) or Roberdeau Fort in Blair County was a stockade structure built expressly for the security and protection of the men engaged in mining the lead that was abundant in the Sinking Spring Valley. The fort was also called Lead-Mine Fort.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith, Closson Press 1999 page 135.
10. The two large massacres of Bedford Militia Companies were mixed up by Captain Longstreth. Captain Philip's and Captain Dunlap's Rangers massacres happened in different Summers. Captain Philip's Rangers were killed in Woodcock Valley on July 16, 1780 in a deserted blockhouse/homestead of Frederick Hester located now in Liberty Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. The location can be found today on Captain Philip's Monument Road less than 5 miles north from the town of Saxton on Raystown Road. Captain Dunlap and his men were killed on June 3. 1781. The site of the engagement was just a little over two miles northwest of the Fetter fort near Frankstown Garrison in the present-day Blair County, Allegheny Township general vicinity of the mouth of Sugar Run occupied by the town of Canan (or Canan Station).
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith, Closson Press 1999 pages 133 & 143
11. The name of Frankstown applied to this area in the year 1780 in terms of it being part of Frankstown Township (which, until 1785, made up the whole of Blair County). The borough of Frankstown wasn't incorporated until 1831 or 1832. Frankstown Garrison referred to as Frankstown Fort was near where Captain Dunlap and his men were ambushed. The borough of Frankstown and where Frankstown Garrison were located are miles apart.
• Early Settlement of the Juniata Valley by Uriah James Jones, Applewood Books Carlisle, Massachusetts 1856. Page 328.
12. George Peck was recorded as an Ensign (3rd Captain) of 1st Battalion 1781-1783 6th company, Bedford County. He and his family lived in Ray's Cove and were killed within a few miles of the location of Captain Phillip's Rangers were massacred in 1780 in Woodcock Valley. Captain Dunlap was killed near Linking Valley in Blair County in 1781. An extract of a letter of President Moore, Aug. 19, 1782: "On the 8th were found killed and scalped, about 18 miles on this side of the town of Bedford, and within one mile of the great road, one (George) Peck, his wife and two children, his house burnt, and another who lived there..."
• History of Bedford, Somerset and Fulton Counties Pennsylvania, Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co. 1884 page 324.
13. Lyttleton Fort, Fulton County located in present day Dublin Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith page 138.
14. McConnellstown Fort…McConnellsburg Blockhouse located in the town laid out by Daniel McConnell (McConnellsburg Borough) in Fulton County, Pennsylvania.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith page 139
15. Frankstown Fort near the Cove…Frankstown Garrison is in Blair County. Morrison's Cove is located in the southern part of the county in Canoe Valley along Canoe Creek. The Garrison was just two miles northwest of Fetter Fort, Blair County, Pennsylvania.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith page 133.
16. Harden Fort or Blockhouse was located on the property of Ignatius Harden in Province Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. Captain Longstreth recorded it was a fort on a branch of the Susquehanna and on or near the Indian routes. Raystown Path is an Indian route linking the forts which follows the Raystown Branch of the Juniata river which are the head waters of the Susquehanna. The Raystown Branch of the Juniata River takes a sinuous path from west to east then north through the township of West Province.
17. Fort on the branch of the Susquehanna near one of the Indian routes: Fort Juniata Crossing, also known as Fort Juniata or simply Juniata Crossing, was a British French and Indian War era fortification located along the Forbes Road. Positioned on the head waters of the Susquehanna about halfway between Fort Littleton to the east and Fort Bedford to the west. Fort Juniata Crossing protected a vital ford across the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River. As the Juniata was the only major river ford along the road between Carlisle and Fort Duquesne (Fort Pitt), the site was of particular strategic importance.
• Fort Juniata Crossing Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
18. The Kiskiminetas River is where both Dean and Longstreth recorded they remained about a month in 1781. The river is formed from Sailtburg and flows 27 miles to the Allegheny River. They probably set up camp at Carnahan's Blockhouse located about 11 miles' northeast of Hannahstown Fort and about two miles from the Kiskiminetas River.
19. Second Lieutenant Longstreth remembered Dunlap was killed sometime later after returning from Kiskimanetas River.
20. The Continental Congress elected John Piper, March 12, 1777 Bedford County Lieutenant and Edward Coombs, March 21, 1777 Sub-Lieutenant. They were recorded on the muster rolls and Papers Relating to associations and Militia of the County of Bedford, Pennsylvania. The men in each battalion elected their own field officers who carried the rank of colonel, lieutenant colonel and major and these officers were then commissioned by the state and expected to serve for three years. Within each county, the colonels drew lots for their individual rank, which was then assigned to their battalion as First Battallion, Second Battalion, Third Battalion, etc. New elections were held for field officers after the first day of October 1780 and 1783, the colonels elected at that time again drew lots for their rank and this resulted in a new order for the battalions. On November 25 1780 Col. George Ashman replaced Col. Piper as Lieutenant of Bedford County, Pennsylvania.
• Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Volume V.
21. They were divided off in Scouting parties. This was approximately in the months of July and August when Col. Hulbley was in Northumberland County. General John Sullivan expedition started July 31, 1779. Rangers would scout ahead and spy on forces ahead of the Army. Captain Covalt 6th Company, 2nd Battalion was recorded in his pension request as Indian Spies. Abraham Covalt was killed by Indians in the Northwest Territory on March 31, 1791.
• Captain Abraham Covalt pension request R2742
• COVALT, ABRAHAM, DAR Ancestor #: A026739
• PA ARCH, 5TH SER, VOL 5, PP 70, 106
22. Standing Stone Fort: Located in the vicinity of an Indian village on the Frankstown Path / Kittanning Trail (Huntingdon Borough, Oneida Township) westward of the Juniata Valley.
23. Raystown Gap was a valley between the mountain ranges where Raystown Lake is today. Raystown Lake is nestled in a valley surrounded by mountain ridges. Terrace Mountain traverses the entire eastern side of Raystown Lake and Tussey Mountain is to the west.
24. Samuel served in the place of his father and brother Thomas. This sentence helps to prove Samuels father's name was Thomas. Samuel's son, Thomas, and grandson, John E., also recorded their grandfather's and great-grandfather's name respectively was Thomas. They both lived with Samuel Dean in Farmington Pennsylvania when he was alive and recorded stories about him and his father.
• History of Fayette County edited by Franklin Ellis 1882 page 834
• History of Marshall County Illinois, Marshall Co. Historical Society 1983 page 113.
25. Private Samuel Dean rendezvoused at Said Col Pipers Fort on Said Yellow creek. Captain Longstreth was keeping a standing garrison at Yellow Creek fort and to keep scouting parties always out in different parts of the country while waiting for volunteers from his battalion to fill his Company. This was the time the second-class Militia arrived in August of 1780.
26. The news came in 1780 that Captain Dunlap was killed by Indians on the waters of the Juniata. Captain Dunlap was killed on the waters of the Juniata, but in the year 1781. Captain Philip's and Captain Dunlap's Rangers massacres happened in different summers and locations. Captain Philip's Rangers were killed in Woodcock Valley on July 16, 1780 in a deserted blockhouse/homestead of Frederick Hester located now in Liberty Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. The location can be found today on Captain Philip's Monument Road less than 5 miles north from the town of Saxton on Raystown Road. Captain Dunlap and his men were killed on June 3. 1781. Both Longstreth and Dean mixed up the two captain's rangers' massacres.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith, Closson Press 1999 123-134.
27. Dunlap was killed on the waters of the Juniata. The site of the engagement was just a little over two miles northwest of the Fetter fort near Frankstown Garrison, Blair County in the present-day township of Allegheny, general vicinity of the mouth of Sugar Run occupied by the town of Canan (or Canan Station). The Sugar Run flows into the Beaverdam branch which is the head waters of the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River.
• Mother Bedford and the American Revolution By: Larry D. Smith, Closson Press 1999 pp. 133 & 143.
28. Captain Dunlap had ordered Samuel and the other volunteers to the fort on Yellow Creek in 1780, proves Dean knew the year Dunlap died. Dunlap and his men were ambushed on June 3, 1781.
29. Private Samuel Dean's own testimony proved; he was under Captain Longstreth not Covolt in 1781 when Captain Dunlap died. By Captain Longstreth and Private Dean's location accounts they served together August-December 1780 and April-October 1781.
30. Littleton… Fort Lyttleton, located in north Fulton County in now present-day Dublin Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania. Fort Lyttleton is not far from McConnellsburg Blockhouse.
31. Kiskimanetas River is the location both Dean and Captain Longstreth recorded, they had remained for about a month in 1781. This river is formed in the town of Saltsburg in Indiana County, Pennsylvania by the confluence of the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna Creek. It flows northwest in a meandering course past Avonmore, Apollo, and Leechburg to join the Allegheny River near Freeport.
32. On or about the last of March 1782 Samuel was back under Captain Cole alias Covalt. This supports he served under Captain Longstreth in the years 1780-1781.
33. The first United States fort west of the Alleghenies sometimes referred to as Fort Kittanning. A fort at Kittanning was authorized by Continental Congress in July 1776. This fort is where the 8th Pennsylvania was formed and remained until late November 1776. The 8th Pennsylvania line evacuated the fort and marched to New Jersey in support of Washington's Army in January 1777. Fort Hand (blockhouse) was built in its place in the Autumn of 1777 and Kittanning Fort's Garrison was transferred there. In the fall of '79 Fort Hand was abandoned. In1779 east of Kittanning Fort Armstrong was Built by Col. Stephen Bayard under orders of Colonel Broadhead. Fort Armstrong was sometimes referred to as Fort at Kittanning.
• Report of the Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts, By Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, Vol. 2, by: Thomas Lynch Montgomery, Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards, John M. Buckalew, Sheldon Reynolds, Jay Gilfillan Weiser, George Dallas Albert. Harrisburg Pa. 1915, pages 329-330.
• Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777-1778: Compiled from the Draper Manuscripts in the Library of the Wisconsin Historical Society and Pub, at the ... American Revolution, Vol. 3 (Classic Reprint) Paperback – August 4, 2012 by Reuben Gold Thwaites page 41.
• Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment (Official Orderly Book, 2NN1-106. Transcript) Cairns, Robert E. "History of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment 1776-1783", pages 248-249.
34. Fort McIntosh: General Lachlan McIntosh built Fort McIntosh during the American Revolution in 1778 on a commanding plateau above the Ohio River at what would become the town of Beaver, Pennsylvania.
35. Fort Pitt: A fort built by British colonists during the Seven Years' War at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, where the Ohio River is formed in western Pennsylvania. Fort Pitt was where the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment returned to Western Pennsylvania on September 10, 1778.
36. Fort Columbia on Susquehanna: The fort called Jenkins on the Susquehanna was located in present day Columbia County where Samuel Dean met Col. Hubley. Fort Jenkins was located on the north bank of the North Branch of the Susquehanna, today in Centre township, Columbia county, about midway between the present towns of Berwick and Bloomsburg. Fort Jenkins was a 60-by-80-foot stockade fort built by the Pennsylvania state militia on the land of Mr. Jenkins. It was garrisoned by Continental troops until after 1779, abandoned September 1780, and later burned by Indians. Fort Jenkins was garrisoned by about thirty men under Col. Hartley. Col. Adam Hubley, Jr., who succeeded him, marched the regiment away, when County Lieut. Col. Hunter furnished a few men who, with the citizens of the neighborhood held the fort until the arrival of Col. Ludwig Weltner with the German Battalion about the latter part of 1779, on their return from the Sullivan campaign.

Col. Hubley's letter to Gen. Hand

"In consequence of the resignation of Colo. Thomas Hartley
(I being the Senior Lt. Colo, in the Penn'a Line), I was this
day commissioned Lt. Colo. Commandant of said Regiment,
*o rank from the 13th day of February, 1779.
"ADM. HUBLEY, JR.,
"Colo. Comt. 11th Pa. Reg't."
Col. Hubley writes to Gen. Hand from Sunbury, under date
of June 15:
"This day arrived, and took command of the following forts:
Muncy, Jenkins, &c., and this place."

General John Sullivan sets out on an expedition to inflict destruction on the Iroquois Nation on July 31, 1779. It was in retaliation for the July 3, 1778 Wyoming Valley Massacre and the carnage along the Susquehanna River in Northumberland County which later contained Columbia County. It was one of the larger of the Continental Army's offensives during the American Revolution. Sullivan was given four brigades—Brig. Gen. Enoch Poor's New Hampshire and Massachusetts regiments, Brig. Gen. William Maxwell's New Jersey Brigade, Brig. Gen. Edward Hand's Pennsylvanians and Brig. Gen. James Clinton's four New York regiments. These, along with additional rifle and artillery units, totaled nearly 4,000 men, or about one-fourth of the Continental Army at that time. Gen Hand's 3rd Brigade contained a number of Militiamen Rangers/Riflemen from Westmoreland and Bedford Counties which participated in the offensive. This was the same time Samuel Dean met Col. Hubley at the Fort he called Columbia in Northumberland County. A portion of Northumberland County reorganized to Columbia County in 1812. The fort's name of Jenkins had been forgotten, but not the location in Columbia which was formed in 1812.
• A History of Columbia County, Pennsylvania: From the Earliest by John Gosse Freeze January 1, 1888 Elwell & Bittenbender, page 18-32.
• Report of the Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts, By Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, Vol. 1, by: Thomas Lynch Montgomery, Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards, John M. Buckalew, Sheldon Reynolds, Jay Gilfillan Weiser, George Dallas Albert. Harrisburg Pa., Wm. Stanly Ray, State Printer, 1916, pages 363-368.
• Pennsylvania. Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania archives (Volume 24) page 636
37. Via Colonel Daniel Brodhead, Samuel Dean met: Colonels Gibson, Lochry, W. Crawford, (Indian) Jas. Smith, Hays, and Stinson alias Stephenson. Brodhead took over command of the 8th Pennsylvania after the death of its commander, Aeneas Mackay, and was promoted to colonel. Brodhead led his troops during the defense of Philadelphia in 1777 and wintered with the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777–78. Samuel's father, Thomas, first enlisted in 8th Regiment at Kittanning Fort in 1776. Thomas was one of 139 men transferred form the 8th with Lt. Col. Butler to serve in Col Morgan's Riflemen. Thomas Dean returned to the 8th Regiment at Valley Forge. Col. Brodhead marched the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment to Fort Pitt arriving a week before the Delaware Indian Treaty was signed. All the colonels Via Brodhead mentioned in Samuel's pension were in attendance of signing of the Delaware Indian Treaty at Fort Pitt on September 17, 1778.
• History of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Volume 1, by John Newton Boucher, Lewis Publishing Company, 1906 - Westmoreland County (Pa.) pages 136-139.
• Old Westmoreland: a history of western Pennsylvania during the Revolution, Chapter XII. The alliance with the Delaware's Author: Hassler, Edgar W. Date of Publication: 1900 pages 73-79.
38. Col. John Gibson: Indian trader who had settled near Fort Pitt before the war served as lieutenant colonel of the 13th Virginia Regiment during the war. In September 1778 at Fort Pitt attended a conference at which the first U.S. treaty of alliance was signed, with the Delaware Indians. The commander of Fort Pitt during when the treaty was signed was Col. Danial Brodhead also the commander of the 8th Regiment that Thomas Dean Served during 1776-1778. The officers that witnessed the treaty were Brig. Gen. Lachlan McIntosh, Colonels John Gibson, William Crawford, John Stevenson and Joseph L. Finley, captain Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment. This was a big event in Westmoreland County and many others were in attendance that weren't recorded.
• Old Westmoreland, A History of Western Pennsylvania During the Revolution by Edgar W. Hassler, J.R. Weldon & Co, Pittsburgh, 1900 Page(s) 73-79
39. Col. Archibald Lochry: Lieutenant of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Militia 1775 (under command of Col. John Proctor); In 1777 he was appointed County Lieutenant and Prothonotary in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. Between 1778-1781 clerk for both the Court of Quarter Sessions and the Orphans Court and Clerk of Court, Westmoreland County, Pa. April 1781Colonel of a Battalion of a hundred men to discomfort Indian and British forces in the Ohio Valley during the Revolutionary War.
• Series 6, Volume II, Lieutenant Westmoreland County, Pages 259-262.
40. Col. William Crawford: He served at Fort Pitt under Generals Edward Hand and Lachlan McIntosh. Col. Crawford was present at the Treaty of Fort Pitt in 1778, and helped to build Fort Laurens and Fort McIntosh that year.
41. (Indian) James Smith: Born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania in 1737. When he was eighteen years of age he was captured by the Indians, was adopted into one of their tribes, and lived with them as one of themselves until his escape in 1759. In 1774 he was appointed captain in the Pennsylvania line and in 1776 a major. In 1778 he received a colonel's commission and was in command of the Third Battalion of the Westmoreland County Militia until the Revolutionary War ended.
• The Cyclopædia of American Biography, Volume 5, Edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske, Charles Dick, James Edward Homans, The New York Press Association Compilers, INC. 1915.
42. Col. Christopher Hays: He was the Westmoreland Member of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council.
• The Indian wars of Pennsylvania, By C. Hale Sipe, The telegraph Press Harrisburg PA 1929 page 636.
43. Col. Stinson, alas Stevenson or Stephenson: Colonel in the 13th Virginia Regiment. Captain Bay's Company was Col. John Stevenson's Va. Regiment. He witnessed the treaty of alliance signed on September 17, 1778 at Fort Pitt.
• Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine vol.17, Iss.8, pages 158-159 & 164.
44. Col Butler fell in Said Gen. St. Clair's defeat, of the Indian war of 1791: Promoted to Major General, Richard Butler was killed November 4, 1791 as the main encampment fell to the native warriors. "Over 900 Soldiers and their women and children, were killed or wounded with most of those casualties being left behind on both sides of the Wabash. St. Clair's Campaign of 1791".
• A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army by Thomas E. Buffenbarger, U. S. Army Heritage and Education Center September 15, 2011 https://www.army.mil/article/65594
45. The late Gen. George Gibson: Colonel George Gibson was mortally wounded at Saint Clair's Defeat, was the father of General George Gibson of the War Department, and of the late Chief Justice of Pennsylvania.
• Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, an Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian wars; with introductory memoir (classic reprint) Aug 30, 2016. By: Ebenezer Denny, William Henry Denny
46. Col. Late Willian Darke: Lieutenant-colonel of the regiment of "Levies" in 1791, he commanded the left wing of the St. Clair's army, at its defeat by the Miami Indians, November 4, 1791. He made two unsuccessful charges with the bayonet in this fight, in the second of which his younger son, Captain Joseph Darke, was killed, and he himself was wounded and narrowly escaped death. Afterwards, Darke was a major-general of the Virginia militia. He died on November 26, 1801.
• Dictionary of American Biography, Including Men of the Time: by Frances S. Drake, Boston James R. Osgood and Company 1872.
47. Col. Hamtramck, Samuel Dean thinks was absent from Said battle: Jean Francis Hamtramck sometimes called John Francis. On November 4, 1791, Major Hamtramck commanded a detachment of the First United States Regiment when he heard cannon fire. He commanded his Soldiers to load their weapons and fix bayonets, but encountered militia fleeing from St. Clair's Defeat who informed him that the rest of the Army had been destroyed. Hamtramck ordered the majority of his command to secure Fort Jefferson and was later criticized by Lieutenant Colonel William Darke for failing to come to the aid of the retreating Army.
• Jean Francois Hamtramck Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia.
48. Richard Butler, who Thomas Dean served under, was a major in the Colonel Aeneas Mackey 8th Regiment made up of eight companies, seven from Westmoreland and one from Bedford County. The 8th regiment marched on January 7, 1777 to New Jersey arriving six weeks later. Both Col Mackey and Lt. Col. George Wilson died on the march to New Jersey leaving Major Morgan in charge of the 8th regiment. In March 1777 Colonel Daniel Brodhead IV assumed command and Major Butler was promoted to Lt. Col in Morgan's Rangers/Rifleman Corp. Col Morgan was instructed by George Washington to form a Provisional Rifle Corps, men skilled with the use of the long rifle, from his and other nearby regiments. On May 22, 1777, the 8th and 10th Pennsylvania Regiments were assigned to the 2nd Pennsylvania Brigade. On June 9, 1777 Lieutenant Colonel Butler, along with Private Dean and 138 men of the 8th Regiment were attached to Colonel Daniel Morgan's corps of riflemen. Maj. James Ross, of the First Pennsylvania Regiment, became lieutenant-colonel of the Eighth in place of Butler. Morgan's Rangers supported the First Pennsylvania Regiment also known as the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment. A year later Col Butler was made commander of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment. Morgan's Corps of Rifleman and Light Infantry were an unattached unit from the main army in the Saratoga Campaigns in September and October with a number of Pennsylvania Rangers. The Rangers were so unruly, and had such a negative impact on our attempts to establish a well-trained army, that Washington made sure that the Rangers were always camped away from the main army, but close enough to support it in either offensive or defensive operations. Discipline simply wasn't their thing, but fighting was! The Morgan's Rangers were augmented with Butler's 139 Rangers from the 8th Pa. Regiment and a detachment of Independent Ranger under Captain Thomas Lee and other volunteers from other companies that went out in pursuit of Indian and Loyalist raiding and scouting parties. On October 17, 1777 Colonel Butler was ordered to New Jersey with a separate command of riflemen in the 5th Regiment. Soon after he was transferred to the command of the Ninth Pennsylvania. The detachment of Pennsylvania Riflemen/Rangers with Morgan's Riflemen returned from the north and rejoined the 8th regiment in mid-November of 1777 with Washington's main army in Pennsylvania. Private Thomas Dean along with others were attached to Colonel Adam Hubley 10th Regiment because his losses in men. The actions at Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown the 10th regiments had suffered a great number of casualties during the military campaign. The 10th regiment made winter camp at Valley Forge on December 19, 1777 with the main Army. Samuel Dean and others in the detachment rejoined the 8th Regiment while at Valley Forge. The 8th Regiment was ordered to return to the western defense of Pennsylvania. They march from Valley Forge June 11, 1778 and stopped in Lancaster for supplies. On July 5, 1778, the 8th left Lancaster and arrived in Carlisle on July 8, 1778. The unit proceeded to Fort Pitt on the Forbes Road stopping at Shippensburg, People's Tavern, Bedford and Ligonier arriving September 10, 1778 at Fort Pitt. Their arrival at Fort Pitt was just a week before the signing of the Delaware Indian Treaty on September 17, 1778. Fort Pitt, Via Col. Brodhead, is the location where most of the officers Samuel Dean recorded, he met were positioned at that point in time. It is apparent Thomas' son, Samuel, accompanied his father on the march from Bedford to Fort Pitt, because hadn't seen his father since December of 1776.
• Zipfel, Nathan. "Chapter X: The Eighth Pennsylvania". Westmoreland County Genealogy Project. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
• Biography of General Richard Butler, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1883), pp. 7-10 by: Simon Gratz
• Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment (Official Orderly Book, 2NN1-106. Transcript) Cairns, Robert E. "History of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment 1776-1783", pages 248-258
• "Thomas Dean" Depreciation list Volume 1, page 52 Pennsylvania Revolutionary War Battalions and Militia Index.
49. Captain John Dean (c1756 - October 22, 1790): He never married. John was a solider during the Revolutionary War (1775 -1783) and the Northwest Territory Indian Wars (1783 - 1795). His younger brother, Samuel, must have idolized John because Samuel too served more than his share in Indian fighting.

In 1778 Private John Dean was recorded inducted into the Bedford County Barree Township Militia from Hopewell Township along with a list of other men. He was assigned to Captain Samuel Thomas' 4th, Company in the 3rd Battalion under the command of Col. William McAlevt. His name was transcribed on an "Undesignated Roster" by the companies Captains William Clark, Patrick Hainey, John Boyd and Samuel Thomas.

Undesignated rosters existed for some companies which were not included within the structure of the Battalion system for the Bedford County Militia. These "undesignated" companies were primarily ranging companies (Rangers), enlisted to roam through the forests on the lookout for Indian and Tory incursions. John Dean was a natural for the Ranger job. John grew up in the backwoods and knew the Indian's habits and ever trail in western Pennsylvania. He became one of the leaders in third Battalion and promoted in the new Second Battalion.

Promoted to captain in 1781. (attachment 2) John Dean was in the Rangers in Hopewell and Barree Township, Bedford County 1777-1783, fought on the frontiers of Bedford, Northumberland, and Westmoreland Counties. In Samuel's pension request he mentioned his brother John and his commanders Captain William McKurdy (McCurdy) and Col. John Hardin under whom his brother, John, fell in Gen Josiah Harmar's defeat of 1790.

In 1783 John Dean moved to Menallen Township Westmoreland County and then to Fallowfield, Washington County in 1787 just a few miles across Monongahela River and was taxed 3 Shillings as a single man. General Josiah Harmar's defeat occurred in the Northwest Territory sometimes referred to as the Ohio Territory. Colonel John Hardin was the commanding officer of the militia known as Nelson County Kentuckians. Colonel John Hardin popularly known on the frontier as "The Indian Killer" was promoted to colonel and repeatedly engaged Indians during the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Territory. Hardin was murdered in 1792 by Shawnee Indians in their village as he slept during several days of peace negotiation. General Josiah Harmar gave a list of officers on June 9, 1790 at Fort Washington and among them was Captain William McCurdy who John Dean served under. The regulars left Fort Washington on September 30, 1790 accompanied by the wagon trains and by October 3, 1790 they joined the militia at Turkey Creek (near modern Xenia, Ohio). The combined force numbered 320 regulars and 1,133 militiamen. Harmar's Defeat named by history occurred on October 22, 1790 and was called the Battle of the Pumpkin Fields by the Indians. During the battle, Colonel Hardin was given 300 picked militiamen and Major John Wyllys including sixty soldiers. John Dean was one of 129 men killed in action that day. The defeat was often blamed on Col Hardin.
• Mother Bedford and The American Revolution, By; Larry D. Smith, Closson Press, 1999, pp. 113 & 176.
• Centennial History of Cincinnati and Representative Citizens, Volume 1 By: Charles Theodore Greve pp. 212.
• Defending a New Nation 1783 – 1811, By: John R. Maass, Center of Military History Uniter Staes Army Washington, D.C., 2013 pp. 20-21.
o Roster: The Bedford County Militia, Undesignated Companies 1776 ~ 1783, Website is maintained by Larry D. Smith, historian, registrar and newsletter editor for the Frontier Patriots Chapter, SAR.motherbedford.com/Roster12.htm.