Playwright, Author, Screenwriter. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana to Max and Julia Hellman. Attended both New York University and Columbia University. She began her literary career reviewing books for the "New York Herald Tribune" and had some short stories published. Married to playwright Arthur Kober (1925-1932). In 1930, she moved to Hollywood, California where she reviewed movie scripts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). She also met author Dashiell Hammett and would have an intimate relationship with him from 1931 until his death in 1961. Hammett maintained Lillian was the inspiration for Nora Charles, a character in his "Thin Man" mysteries. Hellman's first success as a playwright came in 1934 with "The Children's Hour," a story she said was "... not about lesbians" but rather "... about the power of a lie." Family hatred and greed was the subject of "The Little Foxes" (1939), and is one of Hellman's best-known works. Both plays had successful runs on the stage and were later adapted to the movie screen by MGM. "The Little Foxes" received nine Academy Award nominations. After traveling in Spain during it's civil war, Hellman wrote her antifascist play "Watch on the Rhine" (1941), for which she received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. The play brought to the forefront her left-wing political leanings and though she always maintained that she never joined the Communist Party, she was involved from time to time in liberal and leftist organizations and activities. In 1952, she was subpoenaed to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) where she was pressured to reveal names of theatrical associates who might have Communist affiliations. She responded to their demands by saying, "To hurt innocent people whom I knew many years ago in order to save myself is, to me, inhuman and indecent and dishonorable. I cannot and will not cut my conscience to fit this year's fashions, even though I long ago came to the conclusion that I was not a political person and could have no comfortable place in any political group." Blacklisted for not cooperating with the committee while Hammett served a six month prison sentence for his refusal to cooperate, Hellman went to Europe with the help of her friend, director William Wyler. Even though she was blacklisted into the 1960s, Hellman continued to work. During the 1950s, she adapted the works of other writers for the stage, and in 1960, she wrote "Toys in the Attic." She taught creative writing classes and worked on her autobiographical trilogy, "An Unfinished Woman" (1969), "Pentimento" (1973) and "Scoundrel Time" (1976). Lillian received many honorary degrees from various universities. She died of cardiac arrest at her home in Oak Bluffs, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.