Note: No death or burial record has been found for Samuel, but he is likely buried in one of the ancient Boston cemeteries. His death year comes from his probate documents.

Samuel was the son of Edward and Susanna Hutchinson of Alford, Lincolnshire, England, and baptized there on 1 Nov 1590. He either didn't marry, or left no surviving wife or child if he did.

Samuel had religious leanings, was educated, and like his younger brother Edward, published theological treatises that displayed a command of Latin. Perhaps because of his religious desires, he departed England in the late spring of 1637, arriving in Boston on 12 July with a group of others from Lincolnshire. The Antinomian Controversy was about at its peak when he arrived, and as a result a law had been passed requiring new immigrants to disavow the doctrine of the free-grace advocates (Anne Hutchinson, John Wheelwright, and their allies). This they would not do, and were therefore limited to four months in the colony. When the court met again in November, Samuel was allowed to remain in the colony until after the winter.

Samuel went to Exeter(NH) in the spring of 1638 with his brother-in-law, John Wheelwright, and was a grantee in one of the Indian deeds in April of that year. In September 1641, after Wheelwright was forced to leave Exeter, Samuel Hutchinson and Nicholas Needham and some others negotiated with Thomas Gorges for land at Wells, Maine where most of the settlers soon proceeded. Samuel also received a grant of land in Rhode Island where his brother William had gone, but if he went there, did not stay long.

In 1644 he was bequeathed a small legacy in the will of his brother John, who remained in England. At some point Samuel returned to Boston, and in 1667 published a small treatise defending the concept of the Millennium (the creation of a "glorious church" before the Second Coming of Christ), but it gives no hint of his attitude toward the theology of his in-laws Anne Hutchinson and John Wheelwright. On 7 April 1667 he wrote his will, calling himself of Boston. He mentioned no wife or children, but made bequests to a large number of relatives, including "couzen" Susanna Cole (actually his niece) and "couzen" Peleg Sanford (actually his grand-nephew), to whom he left an orchard in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Witnesses to his will signed a deposition on 16 July 1667, suggesting that he had died by that date.