Her parents were Karl Wilhelm (or Charles William) Rubicam/Rubinkam and Barbara Rittenhouse (daughter of Peter Rittenhouse) of Germantown.

Her maiden name was variably spelled. Her father Karl/Charles was the known ancestor, for instance, of the Rubinkam family of Bucks County, PA, and Chicago, IL, as well as of the Rivercomb/Revrcomb family of VA, WV, Ohio, Canada, etc. plus the Rubencame family of Delaware, and of the Rubincam/Rubicam family of PA Ohio, IL and Washington State.

Her brother Charles's grave, # 60137986 in Delaware, is the only one of her sibling group, other than her own, that has been pinpointed for Findagrave so far. Brothers Peter and Justus are in Germantown somewhere, and Susanna might be. Brothers William (Rubicam?) and Jacob (Revercomb) both went to Virginia.

The Revercombs of Virginia all descend from her brother Jacob who uniquely went by that surname variation. Meanwhile amongst the siblings, Rubencame in Delaware uniquely comes from her brother Charles, whom the SAR reported as sharing the spelling RUBICAM with his brother Peter, whose descendants do use that spelling on their own tombstones. Famed genealogist of this family and allied ones (including allied Redheifers/Redheffers/Redifers), Milton Rubicam, memorial # 196902529, comes from that Peter's line and differs in spelling from his father who includes an "n" in his name.)

Extensive professional and published genealogy exists on both of her Rubinkam and Rittenhouse tracks document back to the 1500s in Germany. But precise gravesites are not yet in Findagrave for linking.

In Europe, her Sartorius grandmother on the Rubicam (etc.) side comes from Boynesburg gennannt Hohensteins whose dynastic genealogy in tracked to the 14th century.

On her mother's Rittenhouse side, she descends from the Rev. Wilhelm Rittenhouse, first Mennonite minister to Pennsylvania. Her mother was Barbara Pieters/Peters Rittenhouse, daughter of Peter and Ann Peters Rittenhouse. (That earlier Ann had first married a John Peter Heisler, so sometimes is referred to in records by that surname.)

Peter Rittenhouse (# 29996030) was the son of Garret and (amidst much debate) most likely, Mary Anna Hendricks Schumacher. Genealogist Milton Rubicam argued against the other two competing Umstaat/Umstead and Revercomb theories. Peter was the son of Garret/Gerhard Rittenhouse, son of the Rev. Wilhelm Rittenhouse.

This Ann's husband Andrew Redheifer is in grave 7 of the same row here, with their daughter Mary and son-in law Peter Tribble Engard to their right.

Ann's husband's family surname spelling also varies greatly across records. The name in Germany was Rothenhofer or Rottenhoffer. The tombstones here indicate "Redheifer" but one handwritten original burial record for her, however, calls her "Ann Redheffer," while her daughter Mary in the same church cemetery row is spelled as Mary Redheifer Engard on paper. Mary's tombstone unhelpfully omitted her maiden name. But published Montgomery County histories referring to this Ann's husband and father-in-law called them "Redheifer." But other genealogy reports cited them as "Redheffer." And Andrew's siblings and children used a host of spellings.

Multiple spellings for the same person were more common than unusual in their era. Later, by the mid- to late 1800s, the names settled into more set patterns. Even so, in the Philadelphia area in the 1900s, there were contemporary neighbor "Redheffers" and "Redifers," showing that way in the city directory and on tombstones.

Ann's husband's uncle Hans David and some of Ann and Andrew's own sons or grandchildren left Philadelphia for the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. The surnames that followed there varied even more. They are described, in part, in a book: The Rodeffer family of Rockingham County, Virginia : A Record of the Descendants of Conrad and Nancy Showalter Rodeffer, 1805-1948, by Carrie Rodeffer Power, printed by Shenandoah Press, 1948. The book offers a little background on the original immigrants, but is limited.

SURNAME SPELLING ISSUES

One geographic clue to sorting dizzying surname variations: Families that stayed in the Philadelphia area tended to start their names with RED -- with an "e" -- as the root for their variations, while the wings that moved south into the Shenandoah before fanning out west tended to start their names with RO as the root.

The "RO" group included such as Rodeffer, Roadifer, Rodeheaver, etc.

The RE group included such as Redheifer, Redheffer, Redefer, Redeffer, Redifer, etc.

But, then, there also are occasional exceptions: There is one "Roadifer" family existing in 1800s Philadelphia, that hasn't yet been fully placed in the combined lineage tree. But perhaps that was a PA-to-Virginia string that, for some reason, moved back up north? And, sometimes, records-makers took liberties or made guesses or mistakes, adding slight variations.

Spelling/indexing confusion also happens naturally in modern times as descendant researchers start by using their own family's adopted spelling variation as the basis for reporting far earlier ancestors and in-laws who often used different spellings. It takes a while to find clear corroborations. This case here shows one spelling on a tombstone (a rare help) and other spellings alluding to the same couple.

In the 1891 Philadelphia city directory, there were three spelling groups living near each other: 1) Benjamin K REDEFER, son of this Andrew and Ann's son Conrad, who first had used REDHEFFER and whose siblings in Virginia used RODEHAFER and RODEFFER; 2) several members of the REDHEFFER group, all of whom were descendants of this Andrew and Ann's son Charles -- except for the widow of Benjamin K. REDEFER's brother Edwin, whose spelling joined with the Charles group; 3) REDIFER group, all of whom descended from Andrew and Ann's sons Jesse, John, Jacob and William. Until genealogy on son Samuel is clearer, we won't know which spelling that group took. The same is true for descendants of Andrew's brothers who remained in the Philadelphia area, especially Jacob, known to have had many children but who still are unaccounted-for. And, naturally, this can only be counted amongst the males, as the females acquired different surnames in marriage.

So, spelling both helps and complicates the act of trying to associate and differentiate the extended "RRR" family.

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Some notes about investigations into Andrew "Jr." and Ann's children who are not yet linked here below:

JESSE (b. abt. 1775) moved sometime after 1802 to Baltimore, Maryland, where he married Martha Schartel in 1812. They had sons John H. and Charles Andrew. Jesse reportedly was buried in Loudon Park Cemetery, Baltimore MD, in 1886 -- details are still being confirmed, including which surname spelling was used for him at which point. Son Charles (# 203058977) and wife Priscilla Williams, and their son George "Redifer," however, are confirmed in the same cemetery as Jesse and Martha.)

In earlier city directories, though, Charles and his brother John were variably spelled as Redefer, Redefor, and some other references called them or Radifor. (The only known occasion, so far, of an RA root for the Redheffer/Redifer, etc., family surname.)

This Jesse is definitely not the same person as the Jesse Redifer who was a drayman/laborer born 1814, lived near other Redheffers/Redifers around the Augustus Lutheran church at Trappe in Montgomery County PA, married a Catherine, lived as a widower in the almshouse, and donated his body to the anatomical board and died in 1890. The drayman one is the only Jesse Redifer in early Philadelphia city directories, because this one had moved to Maryland by then. That still-local Jesse MIGHT be the grandson of first Andreas Sr.'s son Jacob who died in a quarry accident and reportedly left many children. And/or: Perhaps he was a son of the John and Catherine Favringer Redifer who lived near Trappe. The names of that first Jacob's family, and parent for the John married to Favringer, are not well documented yet.

This Ann's Jesse's son Charles A. and Priscilla Williams had three sons and two daughters.

Charles's brother John H. had nine children with wife Mary Thomas and three children with Emma Isabelle Hobbes. John is likely buried in the York/Stewartstown, York County, PA, area, but is not yet in Findagrave.

Their brother SAMUEL -- It is possible that this Samuel was the Samuel Redheffer convicted and pardoned with brothers Charles and Jesse in 1802 for the "riot" that also included in-laws related to sister Anna Maria "Mary's husband's Engard/Haupt side of the family. If so, he might have then had descendants in the area.

JOSEPH -- There are 1817 (Redheifer, St. Thomas) and 1823 (Redheffer, Union Cemetery, Whitemarsh, Montgomery County, PA) Josephs to examine further. This Andrew's UNCLE Jacob, rather than son Jacob, lived in Whitemarsh. But there also was a John "Redifer" of unknown ancestry living near Norristown, Montgomery. It seems likeliest that Joseph of St. Thomas belongs in Andrew and Ann's group, but that is just speculation. Neither Joseph was part of the scuffle of his older brothers - perhaps more like the younger brothers in age?