Sgt Major 1st FL Infantry C.S.A.
Proud Confederate Soldier
Thomas Davenport Wolfe was born in November of 1830. A New Jersey native, he was the son of Charles and Mary Davenport Wolfe of Gloucester. Wolfe located to Florida sometime prior to the war, as he was a barkeeper in Pensacola in 1860. It was there he met his future bride, Maria Louisa Bonifay, a local girl, twelve years his junior.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Thomas Wolfe answered the call of his adopted state, enlisting in the Confederate Army on June 11, 1861. He mustered in as a private in Company K of the 1st Florida Infantry; also know as the Pensacola Guards. Also in the company were future family members, Eugene C. Bonifay, Francis C. Bonifay, and Henry Bonifay. The regiment was under the command of Colonel James Patton Anderson, a former physician and legislator, who had served in the Mexican War.
For the first twelve months of his Confederate service, Wolfe served with Company K, stationed in the Pensacola vicinity. After a number of U.S. military forts in Florida were peacefully surrendered to the Confederacy, the 1st Florida participated in an unsuccessful attempt to claim Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island, October 9, 1861. Although the camp of the 6th New York Volunteers was partially destroyed, the battle resulted in the loss of 87 Confederates, as well as the severe wounding of General Richard H. Anderson. The following month, Thomas Wolfe was elected 1st Sergeant, and promoted to Orderly Sergeant on January 1, 1862, probably due to his age, as he was older than most of the recruits in his company.
In late March of 1862, the 1st Florida had joined the Army of the Mississippi, under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The unit had been reduced to battalion strength, joined other units of the army, and marched northward, slowed by rain and mud swollen roads to reach Shiloh, Tennessee on April 6. The brigade commander was James Patton Alexander, who had recently been promoted to brigadier general after effectively leading the 1st Florida in its first taste of battle.
As the Battle of Pittsburg Landing began, Patton led his troops forward through artillery barrages. Although sustaining heavy casualties, they were able to break through Sherman's line to help force a Yankee withdrawal to a new line of defense behind Sherman's headquarters. At 4PM on the 6th, the brigade rallied for an assault on the Hornet's Nest, the Yankee stronghold that had repelled a dozen attacks. The brigade rushed forward, with two more Confederate brigades, the Yankee defenders fell back to prevent annihilation, and Anderson's Confederates held the Hornet's Nest. One of the Confederate's finest moments at Pittsburg Landing was overshadowed by the loss of their army commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, who died from wounds received on April 6th.
After the hard won triumphs by the 1st Florida on the first day, the battle worn troops were bombarded throughout the night by Yankee gunboats. Overwhelming reinforcements on the second day forced the withdrawal of the Southern forces. U.S. Grant controlled the battlefield, but was severely criticized for heavy Union losses. General P.G.T. Beauregard, who had taken command of the army after the loss of General Johnston, also claimed victory, saying that "untoward events saved the enemy from annihillation." Hard charging Southern troops, like the 1st Florida had captured over 25 Union flags and standards at Pittsburg Landing. The battle also resulted in the loss of Thomas Wolfe's future brother-in-law, Henry Bonifay.
Later in 1862, the 1st Florida again fought with distinction in Tennessee at the Battle of Murfreesboro. In May of 1863, they participated in the Siege of Vicksburg. Now a battle tried veteran, Thomas Wolfe was promoted to Sergeant Major in June of 1863. Later in 1863, the 1st Florida saw heavy fighting at Missionary Ridge near Chattanooga, and later at Chickamauga, where its casualties numbered over 30 percent. In 1864, the remnants of the brigade were consolidated into the 1st Florida Regiment, and ended the war in the Carolinas.
Thomas Wolfe returned home to Pensacola and married Miss Maria Louisa Bonifay in 1865. Two children would be born to the marriage in Florida; Thomas Wolfe, born in 1865, and Joseph T. Wolfe, born in 1868. The couple's first-born son, Thomas, died in infancy in 1866. The family soon moved to Pollard, Alabama, in nearby Escambia County. Maria's brothers, Oswald Bonifay and Frances "Frank" Bonifay lived nearby with their families. Frank Bonifay worked as a railroad agent. Thomas began working as a painter, a career that would sustain his family for the rest of his life. He also served as county sheriff for a brief time, appointed April 7, 1873, to fill an unexpired term.
Six more children would be born to the family; Martha Isabelle Wolfe, born in 1869, Theresa Elmyra Wolfe, born in 1871, Nellie L. Wolfe, born in 1873, May Ella Wolfe, born in 1875, Frances Augustus Wolfe, born in 1875, and Clarence Rupert Wolfe, born in 1878.
The family then moved to the Lone Star State, settling in Houston, where Thomas continued to work as a painter. For a short time in 1882, he began his own business, Wolfe & Company, and was the proprietor of "The Office", a local saloon. The family eventually settled in Shreveport, Louisiana, where they lived at 406 Beauregard Street.
Thomas Wolfe applied for membership in the General Leroy Stafford Camp, United Confederate Veterans on June 13, 1894. He was soon elected 2nd Lieutenant Commander and served in that position for three years. Over the next several years, Wolfe worked at several jobs; house painter, bookkeeper for The Gem, a local saloon, and as a city policeman for a short time. In 1903, Wolfe served the Stafford camp as Vidette and Color Sergeant. He also served on the camp relief committee. He again served as camp Color Sergeant in 1905.
Thomas Davenport Wolfe passed away on October 18, 1905. After a Catholic funeral in which members of the camp paid their last respects, Wolfe was laid to rest at St. Joseph Cemetery on Texas Avenue. His wife Maria soon moved to nearby Marshall, Texas to live with her daughter, Martha Wolfe Carnes. She passed away in 1911 and was interred at St. Joseph beside her husband. Both graves were unmarked in the family plot in Section 34. Two of their children, May Ella and Clarence, were also laid to rest at St. Joseph, passing away in 1900 and 1920, respectively. Two grandchildren are in Section 34 also. On June 26, 2010, a veteran's headstone was placed on the grave of this Confederate hero by members of the Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor Camp, Sons of Confederate Veterans, one hundred and five years after his death. Thomas Wolfe's Great-Great Grandson, Ken Barnes, was present to pay tribute to his ancestor that sacrificed so much for the Southland.
Proud Confederate Soldier
Thomas Davenport Wolfe was born in November of 1830. A New Jersey native, he was the son of Charles and Mary Davenport Wolfe of Gloucester. Wolfe located to Florida sometime prior to the war, as he was a barkeeper in Pensacola in 1860. It was there he met his future bride, Maria Louisa Bonifay, a local girl, twelve years his junior.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Thomas Wolfe answered the call of his adopted state, enlisting in the Confederate Army on June 11, 1861. He mustered in as a private in Company K of the 1st Florida Infantry; also know as the Pensacola Guards. Also in the company were future family members, Eugene C. Bonifay, Francis C. Bonifay, and Henry Bonifay. The regiment was under the command of Colonel James Patton Anderson, a former physician and legislator, who had served in the Mexican War.
For the first twelve months of his Confederate service, Wolfe served with Company K, stationed in the Pensacola vicinity. After a number of U.S. military forts in Florida were peacefully surrendered to the Confederacy, the 1st Florida participated in an unsuccessful attempt to claim Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island, October 9, 1861. Although the camp of the 6th New York Volunteers was partially destroyed, the battle resulted in the loss of 87 Confederates, as well as the severe wounding of General Richard H. Anderson. The following month, Thomas Wolfe was elected 1st Sergeant, and promoted to Orderly Sergeant on January 1, 1862, probably due to his age, as he was older than most of the recruits in his company.
In late March of 1862, the 1st Florida had joined the Army of the Mississippi, under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The unit had been reduced to battalion strength, joined other units of the army, and marched northward, slowed by rain and mud swollen roads to reach Shiloh, Tennessee on April 6. The brigade commander was James Patton Alexander, who had recently been promoted to brigadier general after effectively leading the 1st Florida in its first taste of battle.
As the Battle of Pittsburg Landing began, Patton led his troops forward through artillery barrages. Although sustaining heavy casualties, they were able to break through Sherman's line to help force a Yankee withdrawal to a new line of defense behind Sherman's headquarters. At 4PM on the 6th, the brigade rallied for an assault on the Hornet's Nest, the Yankee stronghold that had repelled a dozen attacks. The brigade rushed forward, with two more Confederate brigades, the Yankee defenders fell back to prevent annihilation, and Anderson's Confederates held the Hornet's Nest. One of the Confederate's finest moments at Pittsburg Landing was overshadowed by the loss of their army commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, who died from wounds received on April 6th.
After the hard won triumphs by the 1st Florida on the first day, the battle worn troops were bombarded throughout the night by Yankee gunboats. Overwhelming reinforcements on the second day forced the withdrawal of the Southern forces. U.S. Grant controlled the battlefield, but was severely criticized for heavy Union losses. General P.G.T. Beauregard, who had taken command of the army after the loss of General Johnston, also claimed victory, saying that "untoward events saved the enemy from annihillation." Hard charging Southern troops, like the 1st Florida had captured over 25 Union flags and standards at Pittsburg Landing. The battle also resulted in the loss of Thomas Wolfe's future brother-in-law, Henry Bonifay.
Later in 1862, the 1st Florida again fought with distinction in Tennessee at the Battle of Murfreesboro. In May of 1863, they participated in the Siege of Vicksburg. Now a battle tried veteran, Thomas Wolfe was promoted to Sergeant Major in June of 1863. Later in 1863, the 1st Florida saw heavy fighting at Missionary Ridge near Chattanooga, and later at Chickamauga, where its casualties numbered over 30 percent. In 1864, the remnants of the brigade were consolidated into the 1st Florida Regiment, and ended the war in the Carolinas.
Thomas Wolfe returned home to Pensacola and married Miss Maria Louisa Bonifay in 1865. Two children would be born to the marriage in Florida; Thomas Wolfe, born in 1865, and Joseph T. Wolfe, born in 1868. The couple's first-born son, Thomas, died in infancy in 1866. The family soon moved to Pollard, Alabama, in nearby Escambia County. Maria's brothers, Oswald Bonifay and Frances "Frank" Bonifay lived nearby with their families. Frank Bonifay worked as a railroad agent. Thomas began working as a painter, a career that would sustain his family for the rest of his life. He also served as county sheriff for a brief time, appointed April 7, 1873, to fill an unexpired term.
Six more children would be born to the family; Martha Isabelle Wolfe, born in 1869, Theresa Elmyra Wolfe, born in 1871, Nellie L. Wolfe, born in 1873, May Ella Wolfe, born in 1875, Frances Augustus Wolfe, born in 1875, and Clarence Rupert Wolfe, born in 1878.
The family then moved to the Lone Star State, settling in Houston, where Thomas continued to work as a painter. For a short time in 1882, he began his own business, Wolfe & Company, and was the proprietor of "The Office", a local saloon. The family eventually settled in Shreveport, Louisiana, where they lived at 406 Beauregard Street.
Thomas Wolfe applied for membership in the General Leroy Stafford Camp, United Confederate Veterans on June 13, 1894. He was soon elected 2nd Lieutenant Commander and served in that position for three years. Over the next several years, Wolfe worked at several jobs; house painter, bookkeeper for The Gem, a local saloon, and as a city policeman for a short time. In 1903, Wolfe served the Stafford camp as Vidette and Color Sergeant. He also served on the camp relief committee. He again served as camp Color Sergeant in 1905.
Thomas Davenport Wolfe passed away on October 18, 1905. After a Catholic funeral in which members of the camp paid their last respects, Wolfe was laid to rest at St. Joseph Cemetery on Texas Avenue. His wife Maria soon moved to nearby Marshall, Texas to live with her daughter, Martha Wolfe Carnes. She passed away in 1911 and was interred at St. Joseph beside her husband. Both graves were unmarked in the family plot in Section 34. Two of their children, May Ella and Clarence, were also laid to rest at St. Joseph, passing away in 1900 and 1920, respectively. Two grandchildren are in Section 34 also. On June 26, 2010, a veteran's headstone was placed on the grave of this Confederate hero by members of the Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor Camp, Sons of Confederate Veterans, one hundred and five years after his death. Thomas Wolfe's Great-Great Grandson, Ken Barnes, was present to pay tribute to his ancestor that sacrificed so much for the Southland.
Sgt Major 1st FL Infantry C.S.A.
Proud Confederate Soldier
Thomas Davenport Wolfe was born in November of 1830. A New Jersey native, he was the son of Charles and Mary Davenport Wolfe of Gloucester. Wolfe located to Florida sometime prior to the war, as he was a barkeeper in Pensacola in 1860. It was there he met his future bride, Maria Louisa Bonifay, a local girl, twelve years his junior.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Thomas Wolfe answered the call of his adopted state, enlisting in the Confederate Army on June 11, 1861. He mustered in as a private in Company K of the 1st Florida Infantry; also know as the Pensacola Guards. Also in the company were future family members, Eugene C. Bonifay, Francis C. Bonifay, and Henry Bonifay. The regiment was under the command of Colonel James Patton Anderson, a former physician and legislator, who had served in the Mexican War.
For the first twelve months of his Confederate service, Wolfe served with Company K, stationed in the Pensacola vicinity. After a number of U.S. military forts in Florida were peacefully surrendered to the Confederacy, the 1st Florida participated in an unsuccessful attempt to claim Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island, October 9, 1861. Although the camp of the 6th New York Volunteers was partially destroyed, the battle resulted in the loss of 87 Confederates, as well as the severe wounding of General Richard H. Anderson. The following month, Thomas Wolfe was elected 1st Sergeant, and promoted to Orderly Sergeant on January 1, 1862, probably due to his age, as he was older than most of the recruits in his company.
In late March of 1862, the 1st Florida had joined the Army of the Mississippi, under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The unit had been reduced to battalion strength, joined other units of the army, and marched northward, slowed by rain and mud swollen roads to reach Shiloh, Tennessee on April 6. The brigade commander was James Patton Alexander, who had recently been promoted to brigadier general after effectively leading the 1st Florida in its first taste of battle.
As the Battle of Pittsburg Landing began, Patton led his troops forward through artillery barrages. Although sustaining heavy casualties, they were able to break through Sherman's line to help force a Yankee withdrawal to a new line of defense behind Sherman's headquarters. At 4PM on the 6th, the brigade rallied for an assault on the Hornet's Nest, the Yankee stronghold that had repelled a dozen attacks. The brigade rushed forward, with two more Confederate brigades, the Yankee defenders fell back to prevent annihilation, and Anderson's Confederates held the Hornet's Nest. One of the Confederate's finest moments at Pittsburg Landing was overshadowed by the loss of their army commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, who died from wounds received on April 6th.
After the hard won triumphs by the 1st Florida on the first day, the battle worn troops were bombarded throughout the night by Yankee gunboats. Overwhelming reinforcements on the second day forced the withdrawal of the Southern forces. U.S. Grant controlled the battlefield, but was severely criticized for heavy Union losses. General P.G.T. Beauregard, who had taken command of the army after the loss of General Johnston, also claimed victory, saying that "untoward events saved the enemy from annihillation." Hard charging Southern troops, like the 1st Florida had captured over 25 Union flags and standards at Pittsburg Landing. The battle also resulted in the loss of Thomas Wolfe's future brother-in-law, Henry Bonifay.
Later in 1862, the 1st Florida again fought with distinction in Tennessee at the Battle of Murfreesboro. In May of 1863, they participated in the Siege of Vicksburg. Now a battle tried veteran, Thomas Wolfe was promoted to Sergeant Major in June of 1863. Later in 1863, the 1st Florida saw heavy fighting at Missionary Ridge near Chattanooga, and later at Chickamauga, where its casualties numbered over 30 percent. In 1864, the remnants of the brigade were consolidated into the 1st Florida Regiment, and ended the war in the Carolinas.
Thomas Wolfe returned home to Pensacola and married Miss Maria Louisa Bonifay in 1865. Two children would be born to the marriage in Florida; Thomas Wolfe, born in 1865, and Joseph T. Wolfe, born in 1868. The couple's first-born son, Thomas, died in infancy in 1866. The family soon moved to Pollard, Alabama, in nearby Escambia County. Maria's brothers, Oswald Bonifay and Frances "Frank" Bonifay lived nearby with their families. Frank Bonifay worked as a railroad agent. Thomas began working as a painter, a career that would sustain his family for the rest of his life. He also served as county sheriff for a brief time, appointed April 7, 1873, to fill an unexpired term.
Six more children would be born to the family; Martha Isabelle Wolfe, born in 1869, Theresa Elmyra Wolfe, born in 1871, Nellie L. Wolfe, born in 1873, May Ella Wolfe, born in 1875, Frances Augustus Wolfe, born in 1875, and Clarence Rupert Wolfe, born in 1878.
The family then moved to the Lone Star State, settling in Houston, where Thomas continued to work as a painter. For a short time in 1882, he began his own business, Wolfe & Company, and was the proprietor of "The Office", a local saloon. The family eventually settled in Shreveport, Louisiana, where they lived at 406 Beauregard Street.
Thomas Wolfe applied for membership in the General Leroy Stafford Camp, United Confederate Veterans on June 13, 1894. He was soon elected 2nd Lieutenant Commander and served in that position for three years. Over the next several years, Wolfe worked at several jobs; house painter, bookkeeper for The Gem, a local saloon, and as a city policeman for a short time. In 1903, Wolfe served the Stafford camp as Vidette and Color Sergeant. He also served on the camp relief committee. He again served as camp Color Sergeant in 1905.
Thomas Davenport Wolfe passed away on October 18, 1905. After a Catholic funeral in which members of the camp paid their last respects, Wolfe was laid to rest at St. Joseph Cemetery on Texas Avenue. His wife Maria soon moved to nearby Marshall, Texas to live with her daughter, Martha Wolfe Carnes. She passed away in 1911 and was interred at St. Joseph beside her husband. Both graves were unmarked in the family plot in Section 34. Two of their children, May Ella and Clarence, were also laid to rest at St. Joseph, passing away in 1900 and 1920, respectively. Two grandchildren are in Section 34 also. On June 26, 2010, a veteran's headstone was placed on the grave of this Confederate hero by members of the Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor Camp, Sons of Confederate Veterans, one hundred and five years after his death. Thomas Wolfe's Great-Great Grandson, Ken Barnes, was present to pay tribute to his ancestor that sacrificed so much for the Southland.
Proud Confederate Soldier
Thomas Davenport Wolfe was born in November of 1830. A New Jersey native, he was the son of Charles and Mary Davenport Wolfe of Gloucester. Wolfe located to Florida sometime prior to the war, as he was a barkeeper in Pensacola in 1860. It was there he met his future bride, Maria Louisa Bonifay, a local girl, twelve years his junior.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Thomas Wolfe answered the call of his adopted state, enlisting in the Confederate Army on June 11, 1861. He mustered in as a private in Company K of the 1st Florida Infantry; also know as the Pensacola Guards. Also in the company were future family members, Eugene C. Bonifay, Francis C. Bonifay, and Henry Bonifay. The regiment was under the command of Colonel James Patton Anderson, a former physician and legislator, who had served in the Mexican War.
For the first twelve months of his Confederate service, Wolfe served with Company K, stationed in the Pensacola vicinity. After a number of U.S. military forts in Florida were peacefully surrendered to the Confederacy, the 1st Florida participated in an unsuccessful attempt to claim Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island, October 9, 1861. Although the camp of the 6th New York Volunteers was partially destroyed, the battle resulted in the loss of 87 Confederates, as well as the severe wounding of General Richard H. Anderson. The following month, Thomas Wolfe was elected 1st Sergeant, and promoted to Orderly Sergeant on January 1, 1862, probably due to his age, as he was older than most of the recruits in his company.
In late March of 1862, the 1st Florida had joined the Army of the Mississippi, under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnston. The unit had been reduced to battalion strength, joined other units of the army, and marched northward, slowed by rain and mud swollen roads to reach Shiloh, Tennessee on April 6. The brigade commander was James Patton Alexander, who had recently been promoted to brigadier general after effectively leading the 1st Florida in its first taste of battle.
As the Battle of Pittsburg Landing began, Patton led his troops forward through artillery barrages. Although sustaining heavy casualties, they were able to break through Sherman's line to help force a Yankee withdrawal to a new line of defense behind Sherman's headquarters. At 4PM on the 6th, the brigade rallied for an assault on the Hornet's Nest, the Yankee stronghold that had repelled a dozen attacks. The brigade rushed forward, with two more Confederate brigades, the Yankee defenders fell back to prevent annihilation, and Anderson's Confederates held the Hornet's Nest. One of the Confederate's finest moments at Pittsburg Landing was overshadowed by the loss of their army commander, General Albert Sidney Johnston, who died from wounds received on April 6th.
After the hard won triumphs by the 1st Florida on the first day, the battle worn troops were bombarded throughout the night by Yankee gunboats. Overwhelming reinforcements on the second day forced the withdrawal of the Southern forces. U.S. Grant controlled the battlefield, but was severely criticized for heavy Union losses. General P.G.T. Beauregard, who had taken command of the army after the loss of General Johnston, also claimed victory, saying that "untoward events saved the enemy from annihillation." Hard charging Southern troops, like the 1st Florida had captured over 25 Union flags and standards at Pittsburg Landing. The battle also resulted in the loss of Thomas Wolfe's future brother-in-law, Henry Bonifay.
Later in 1862, the 1st Florida again fought with distinction in Tennessee at the Battle of Murfreesboro. In May of 1863, they participated in the Siege of Vicksburg. Now a battle tried veteran, Thomas Wolfe was promoted to Sergeant Major in June of 1863. Later in 1863, the 1st Florida saw heavy fighting at Missionary Ridge near Chattanooga, and later at Chickamauga, where its casualties numbered over 30 percent. In 1864, the remnants of the brigade were consolidated into the 1st Florida Regiment, and ended the war in the Carolinas.
Thomas Wolfe returned home to Pensacola and married Miss Maria Louisa Bonifay in 1865. Two children would be born to the marriage in Florida; Thomas Wolfe, born in 1865, and Joseph T. Wolfe, born in 1868. The couple's first-born son, Thomas, died in infancy in 1866. The family soon moved to Pollard, Alabama, in nearby Escambia County. Maria's brothers, Oswald Bonifay and Frances "Frank" Bonifay lived nearby with their families. Frank Bonifay worked as a railroad agent. Thomas began working as a painter, a career that would sustain his family for the rest of his life. He also served as county sheriff for a brief time, appointed April 7, 1873, to fill an unexpired term.
Six more children would be born to the family; Martha Isabelle Wolfe, born in 1869, Theresa Elmyra Wolfe, born in 1871, Nellie L. Wolfe, born in 1873, May Ella Wolfe, born in 1875, Frances Augustus Wolfe, born in 1875, and Clarence Rupert Wolfe, born in 1878.
The family then moved to the Lone Star State, settling in Houston, where Thomas continued to work as a painter. For a short time in 1882, he began his own business, Wolfe & Company, and was the proprietor of "The Office", a local saloon. The family eventually settled in Shreveport, Louisiana, where they lived at 406 Beauregard Street.
Thomas Wolfe applied for membership in the General Leroy Stafford Camp, United Confederate Veterans on June 13, 1894. He was soon elected 2nd Lieutenant Commander and served in that position for three years. Over the next several years, Wolfe worked at several jobs; house painter, bookkeeper for The Gem, a local saloon, and as a city policeman for a short time. In 1903, Wolfe served the Stafford camp as Vidette and Color Sergeant. He also served on the camp relief committee. He again served as camp Color Sergeant in 1905.
Thomas Davenport Wolfe passed away on October 18, 1905. After a Catholic funeral in which members of the camp paid their last respects, Wolfe was laid to rest at St. Joseph Cemetery on Texas Avenue. His wife Maria soon moved to nearby Marshall, Texas to live with her daughter, Martha Wolfe Carnes. She passed away in 1911 and was interred at St. Joseph beside her husband. Both graves were unmarked in the family plot in Section 34. Two of their children, May Ella and Clarence, were also laid to rest at St. Joseph, passing away in 1900 and 1920, respectively. Two grandchildren are in Section 34 also. On June 26, 2010, a veteran's headstone was placed on the grave of this Confederate hero by members of the Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor Camp, Sons of Confederate Veterans, one hundred and five years after his death. Thomas Wolfe's Great-Great Grandson, Ken Barnes, was present to pay tribute to his ancestor that sacrificed so much for the Southland.
