Samuel was a Southern Democrat during the Civil War. Because he was sympathizing with the confederates, he was hung for housing a soldier, 31 May 1863 in Webster, Missouri. The soldier (name unknown) was hung as well.
Please see Samuel's story at https://www.geni.com/people/Samuel-Barnard/6000000007756661748

Noble Edgar Nay wrote that there is little doubt that Samuel was killed by the Dalton gang. Samuel was killed in 1863. Of the four brothers in the Dalton gang, Grat was the oldest. He was born in 1861 and would have been about 2 years old when Samuel was killed. Two of the brothers had not yet been born. Another was born in the same year as Samuel's death.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Gang

HISTORY OF SAMUEL BARNARD AND NANCY JOLLY
“Genealogy of Samuel Barnard and Descendants”
By Noble Edgar Nay
Samuel Barnard was born 18 September 1800, probably in Hawkins County, Tennessee. This date comes from a tombstone in Panther Valley Cemetery in Webster County, Missouri. It is also sited in the “Store Book” of Barnardsville, Tennessee in possession of Noble Nay. It is thought that the Barnard line comes from London, England, with some of them being royalty. There were seven Barnard brothers who came to the United States from England.
Samuel married Nancy Jolly and a record of their marriage is in the County Court of Roane County, Tennessee at Kingston which reads as follows: “Samuel Barnard and Nancy Jolly were united in marriage by Bird Deathrage, M. G., the 12th day of July, 1821”. Nancy Jolly was 16 years of age, having been born in 1805. Samuel was 21 years old at the time of the marriage.
In the period preceding the Civil War, or as is better known in the South as, “ The War Between the States”, a large and profitable business was conducted in the slave trade. The slaves were Blacks and usually from the Gold Coast, Ivory Coast, or Belgian Congo, who were shanghaied and brought to the Southern States and sold by public auction. In the William Jolly Inventory of 1835 in Roane County, Tennessee, an entry was made showing the purchase of a slave girl named “Rody” by Samuel Barnard. Also the federal Census of 1840 for Roane County accounted Samuel Barnard as the owner of one female slave, between the ages of 10 and 24. Another fact substantiating that Samuel owned slaves, is that Henry Purres Barnard, a son of Samuel, told his granddaughter, Mrs. May Atkinson, that Samuel gave him a slave boy about Purres’ age. Purres was born in 1843. Also, the Ozark Baptist Church records of Webster County, Missouri, of which Samuel and Nancy had been members since 1844 says that, “one colored man, a slave named Willis, joined the church prior to the Civil War. This fact was obtained from the official minutes written into the Church Book, now in possession of Henry Barnard.
Samuel and Nancy had a large family of 13 children: Zedakiah K, Dianah, Sarah Elizabeth, Jonathan, John Car, Dudley Jolly, Allen Deatherage, Nancy Jane, Lydia, Samuel E, Henry Purres, Mary Ellen, and Martha Carolina. These names were gathered from censuses in Roane County, Tennessee, and Webster County, Missouri.
We know that from official records of the Primitive Baptist Church and Samuel was a member both in Shiloh Baptist Church in Barnardsville, Tennessee and Ozark Baptist Church in Webster County, Missouri from 1839 until his death in 1863. He was a well respected member and a devout worshiper. Most of the time, he was in various capacities, an officer of the church. He was a delegate, messenger, representative, an arbitrator of disputes, deacon, clerk, and on the building committee of the Ozark Baptist Church in Webster County, Missouri. Nancy was also a member in good standing of this same faith, as were several of their children.
During his life, Samuel earned his living in a variety of ways: either as a storekeeper, tanner, distiller, or farmer. Between the years of 1838 and 1842, Samuel and Charles I Bottom, owned and operated a country General Store at the place called Barnardsville, Roane, Tennessee. It was a few miles south of the present city of Kingston, Tennessee on highway 58. This store was called by the firm name of “Barnard
and Bottom”. The author has, in his possession, two books of the daily sales records of that firm, covering the years of 1838 – 1842, with each item itemized in longhand and in the writing of both. The quaint and peculiar writing of the kind common a century ago is now obsolete. Many interesting and unusual items appear in these records. There were such as the cutting of a penny in ½ and ¼ cent change makes very interesting and different reading. Common articles for sale were liquor, bulk iron, calamul (could this be calomel), sulphur, silk handkerchiefs, and fancy hats and shoes.
As a distiller, he produced his own whiskey to sell over his own counter. It was sold for the sum of 25 cents per pint. There was no social evil connected with his sales of whiskey at that time, for there was no doubt but what it was government labeled and taxed, for he was also the Postmaster of the Post office of Barnardsville, Tennessee. This was a very small office, located within his store. It was on a “Star Route” out of Kingston, Tennessee, and has long since been discontinued. As far as can be found out, there was actually no town by the name of Barnardsville, Tennessee, but rather, just a Post Office of a Star Route using this name.
The firm of Barnard and Bottom were also in the business of purchasing and selling horses and mules. They would drive them long distances to market. Charles I Bottom attended to this part of the business while Samuel operated the store. It is thought that several of the Barnards helped in the store at one time or another.
According to the books of the store it is certain that the firm could not meet all its bills. Samuel Barnard finely closed out the business, gradually liquidating the stock. The books indicate that in January of 1842, numerous bills were settled for accounts in the store, and also many notes were taken, which would indicate that Samuel was closing out. The latest date appearing in the book is an account signed by Samuel in June 1842. At this time Mr. Bottom was not active in the partnership.
He was also a tanner by trade, and owned and operated a tannery in conjunction with the store. This was in the days when the majority of people wore hand-made shoes and boots, as well as using leather for harnesses and saddles. While in Tennessee, Samuel was also farmer and continued farming in Missouri for 19 years.
The books of Samuel testify that Barnardsville was, at that time, a busy and active community. It was located in exceptionally beautiful country, located between two ranges of mountains on the road from Kingston to Chattanooga. Samuel lived just across the branch near the store. Just a short distance south of the store was the old Shiloh Baptist Church, where Samuel and his family worshiped. The Shiloh Church has been twice moved and rebuilt, but not at any time, was it located far from the store. Close by the old church on a beautiful little hill is located the old family cemetery called Shiloh Cemetery, where many of the Barnards and Jollys were buried. It is sad to say that Barnardsville has long ceased to exist.
Although Samuel liquidated his stock and interests in the store in 1842, he did not leave Roane County, until the spring or summer of 1844. His source of livelihood during this two year period is unknown, however, it is believed that he farmed his land until the urge to move west overcame him. He was in Webster by September 1844.
The evidence that he and his wife moved west in 1844 is contained in his original church letter from Shiloh Baptist Church of Roane County. That letter is dated March 1844. Quoting from the letter, it states that they “were dismissed in full fellowship to any church where they may cast their lot.
Samuel moved his family from Tennessee to what in now Webster County, Missouri in ox wagons in 1844. There is, in one report, evidence that two of his children, Zedakiah and Sarah remained behind in Roane County. However, if they did, they moved west to Webster County later. At this time, Samuel was the father of 10 children or maybe eleven.
When Samuel arrived in Webster County, he first stopped at what was known as the Charlie Robb place on the James River. This was their 1st home in Missouri. We don’t know how long he remained in this home. Previous to 1850, his son, John Carr Barnard built his own home, although he was unmarried and lived with his parents.
Samuel’s second home was located on what was known as the Allen D. Barnard place. We don’t know when he settled there, but he did plan to remain there permanently, for he hued his own logs, and constructed a log cabin and lived there until his death in 1863. The log cabin was lived in as late as 1952.Samuel did not have a deed to this land, for in tracing the ownership history of the land, it is to be noted that the first ownership document (the abstract) which was located at Marshfield, Missouri, was in the name of Samuel H. Caldwell. Samuel Caldwell homesteaded it from the government on 13 October 1857. The document was signed by President James Buchanan. It is to be noted also, that Samuel Caldwell was not a member of the family, but a friend of Samuel Barnard. On 15 October 1856, Samuel H. Caldwell gave a warranty deed to Dudley J. Barnard for the property. No reason is given for this, nor was any contract recorded of this transfer.
Although Dudley held this deed until his death in 1904, no record is shown that this property was every deeded to Samuel Barnard. However, there is conclusive evidence that Samuel Barnard did live on this land and built the cabin. Samuel could have taken out first papers on the property, and failed to prove up on them before Caldwell did, which would explain the matter. Then again it is a mystery why the home was deeded to Dudley, when he was not of sound mind. Dudley died on 8 Apr 1904, and on the 10 of April A. D. Barnard was appointed by the Probate Court of Webster County, Missouri as the administrator of the estate of Dudley J. Barnard. On 14 February 1907 A. D. Barnard gave an Administrators Deed to Fountain Frazier. On 27 Jun 1912, Fountain Frazier gave Special Warranty Deed to A. D. and Letha Barnard. This above data was obtained from the official records of the land office at Marshfield, Missouri.
Politically speaking, it is to be expected that Samuel Barnard was a Southern Democrat, inasmuch as he was born and raised in Tennessee. Also it is a pertinent point that two of his sons served in the confederate Army. Most of his descendants in Missouri have been and are still affiliated with the Democratic Party.
On 31 May 1863, Samuel Barnard died. From the Store Book is the following quotation: “Samuel Barnard was killed the last day of May 1863 and was buried the first day of June. Today, his grave stone may still be found in Panther Valley Cemetery in Webster County. The stone is a rough, field stone, a very soft material. Only the name and date of birth appear on it. The death date does not. According to Henry Barnard and others, the cause of death was by the famed and ill-reputed Missouri Bushwhackers. They stopped at what was the Ed Atkinson place. The neighbor woman that lived there informed the bandits that Samuel Barnard was “harboring the enemy”. The outlaws went down to the home of Samuel. Hoping to rob them of their ill-intent, Nancy Barnard cooked dinner for the group in order to pacify them. However, this was to no avail, for
the bushwhackers took Samuel just north of his home to the first bluff, which is near the present road. There, they tied him to a tree, and shot him. Another report has it that he was made to kneel by the tree, and still another states that he was expecting the bushwhackers that night, and that his family attempted to persuade him to hide before they came. To this, he is reported to have said, “That he had just one time to die”. When they did arrive, he was sitting with his rifle across his knees. To add insult to injury, the outlaws ordered two of the daughters to guard the body until morning. They left, never to be caught for this foul deed.
It is interesting to not that Samuel died for “harboring the enemy”. Just who was this enemy? It is to be remembered that during the Civil War, or War Between the States, that Missouri was a border state, having been previously admitted as a Slave State, due to the Missouri Compromise. In the south of Missouri, the patriotic sentiment was about equally divided between the Union and the Confederacy. It was not uncommon to have members of the same family fighting on opposite sides. And, needless to say, this produced intense hatred and ill feelings between neighbors and with families. For example, Samuel had two sons in the confederate Army, and a grandson and son-in-law in the Union Army. So, in Southern Missouri, a charge of “harboring the enemy” could be applied to anyone, and usually was particularly in the case of the bushwhackers. It was merely an excuse to justify their evil deeds.
The term Bushwhackers, was first used in the mountains of Eastern Tennessee to describe a gang of Confederate Guerrilla Fighters, all of whose members were outlaws and villains of the worst type, and who specialized in Private Plunder of defenseless citizens. They were soldiers in no form, and capitalized on a Civil War, posing as patriots to plunder and rob the countryside. They lived outside the law and resorted to theft, arson, force and murder to attain their purposes. They operated in Southern Missouri, Kansas, and Northern Arkansas in 1862 and 1863. The Quantrill Gang was probably the best known and they were made up of Southern sympathizers. At one time they fought in the Confederate Army, and Quantrill received a field commission of Captain by General Price. However, they were too tough for the army and were dismissed from it. At times the Quantrill Gang would break up into smaller groups, and the Dalton Gang of Southwest Missouri is well remembered fy their depredations in this area. They went under various names, bushwhackers, ruffians, and desperados. Fear and hate spread among the people, and suspicion of the neighbors to betray others in the area arose from their tactics. There is little doubt that it was the Dalton Gang that murdered Samuel Barnard.
Nancy Jolly Barnard was born in 1805 in Roane County Tennessee. Her life must have been very difficult after Samuel was killed. She lived nine years after his dead and passed away on the 31st of Aug 1872 in Webster County Missouri and is buried by her husband in Panther Valley Cemetery.