Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí
Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí (d. December, 1846) was a Shaykhí who became one of the first eighteen Bábí's and was named a Letter of the Living. He was the first person to proclaim and teach the Bábí religion in what is now Iraq in the Ottoman Empire, and is regarded as the first person to be persecuted for being a Bábí and the first Martyr.
Bastámí was born in the farming village of Bastám in the northwest of Khurasan and his family may have owned land in the area. He began studying religion in Bastám and later moved to Mashhad where he became a Shaykhí through Mulla Ja'far Kirmanshahi ultimately moving to Karbila where he studied directly under Siyyid Káẓim. He became close to Káẓim and a prominent member of the Shaykhí movement, and was highly respected as an Islamic scholar being regarded as possibly having the greatest knowledge of Shaykhí teachings of any of Káẓim's students.[3]
In the early 1840's Bastámí returned to Bastám but moved back to Karbila after two years. In 1843 he accompanied Siyyid Káẓim on his final pilgrimage to Najaf during which he advised his followers to disperse and seek out the Qa'im shortly before passing away. Káẓim's students returned to Karbila and did not disperse until January 1844 when Mullá Ḥusayn arrived in the city and encouraged them to follow Káẓim's instructions.
Later in 1844 Bastámí traveled with twelve other Shaykhí's to the Masjid-i-Kúfih where Mullá Ḥusayn had begun a period of forty days of prayer and fasting. Bastámí and the majority of his group also began forty days of prayer and fasting remaining at the Masjid when Mullá Ḥusayn departed. Bastámí and his group then traveled to Shiraz where Mullá Ḥusayn had settled. After a few days in the city Bastámí questioned why Mullá Ḥusayn had ceased traveling and advised him that if he claimed to be the Qa'im he would recognize him, prompting Mullá Ḥusayn to inform him that he was not the Qa'im but had found Him however he was not permitted to disclose his identity.
Bastámí remained in Shiraz and through prayer and meditation he reportedly deduced the identity of the Báb, around July 1844, and Mullá Ḥusayn accompanied him to an audience with Him during which Bastámí became a Bábí and a Letter of the Living. After a short time, during which all of Bastámí's companions also became Bábí's, the Báb instructed them to disperse to teach His claims with Bastámí being directed to travel to Iraq, and given the specific assignment of delivering a message to the prominent mujtahid Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí. The Báb advised that he would experience persecution and would need to have strong faith.
While leaving Shiraz Bastámí was approached by a youth, 'Abdu'l-Vahháb, who requested permission to accompany him to Iraq. Bastámí attempted to persuade him to remain in Shiraz was convinced to allow him to travel with him. When Vahháb's father became aware his son had left the city he traveled after them and violently attacked and injured Bastámí with a club and forced his son to return to Shiraz with him, although he later regretted his actions.
Although injured Bastámí was able to continue traveling and visited Bushehr where he met with Khál Akbar, an uncle of the Báb, and informed him of his nephews claims before arrivnig in Iraq between August and September 1844. Once in Iraq Bastámí established himself in Najaf where he was granted a public audience with Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí and openly proclaimed the Báb's claims, without disclosing His identity, which resulted in those attending being incensed. He then traveled to Karbila where he attempted to proclaim the claims of the Báb to the Shaykhí community of the city.
Although he had previously been respected in Iraq Bastámí was declared a heretic and an infidel, arrested, and taken to Baghdad to stand trial. While imprisoned in Baghdad he was allowed to have visitors and was able to teach the Báb's claims resulting in some becoming Bábí's. He was held for several months before the Governor of Baghdad called an assembly of leading Sunni and Shia clerics to conduct a trial in early 1845. During his trial there was disagreement between the Sunni and the Shia authorities with the Sunni sentencing him to execution whereas the Shia felt he should only be imprisoned or banished.
During the course of the trial Ḥájí Mírzá Áqásí, the Vizier of Iran, conveyed demands that Bastámí be extradited to Iran however the Governor of Baghdad refused on the grounds his case was under the jurisdiction of Ottoman authorities. As a result of diplomatic tensions the authorities in Baghdad decided to transfer Bastámí away from the border with Iran and he was transferred to Bolu. The Governor of Bolu then had him transferred to Istanbul. He was questioned again in Istanbul and reaffirmed his belief in the Báb and His claims and as the authorities feared he would spread his beliefs they sentenced him to hard labor on the naval dockyards of Istanbul.
The government of Iran continued to petition the Ottoman authorities for Bastámí to be extradited. In December 1846 the Ottomans agreed to send him to Iran and issued orders for him to be transferred, however it was found that he had passed away while undertaking forced labor a few days before the order was issued.
Bahaipedia
Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí (d. December, 1846) was a Shaykhí who became one of the first eighteen Bábí's and was named a Letter of the Living. He was the first person to proclaim and teach the Bábí religion in what is now Iraq in the Ottoman Empire, and is regarded as the first person to be persecuted for being a Bábí and the first Martyr.
Bastámí was born in the farming village of Bastám in the northwest of Khurasan and his family may have owned land in the area. He began studying religion in Bastám and later moved to Mashhad where he became a Shaykhí through Mulla Ja'far Kirmanshahi ultimately moving to Karbila where he studied directly under Siyyid Káẓim. He became close to Káẓim and a prominent member of the Shaykhí movement, and was highly respected as an Islamic scholar being regarded as possibly having the greatest knowledge of Shaykhí teachings of any of Káẓim's students.[3]
In the early 1840's Bastámí returned to Bastám but moved back to Karbila after two years. In 1843 he accompanied Siyyid Káẓim on his final pilgrimage to Najaf during which he advised his followers to disperse and seek out the Qa'im shortly before passing away. Káẓim's students returned to Karbila and did not disperse until January 1844 when Mullá Ḥusayn arrived in the city and encouraged them to follow Káẓim's instructions.
Later in 1844 Bastámí traveled with twelve other Shaykhí's to the Masjid-i-Kúfih where Mullá Ḥusayn had begun a period of forty days of prayer and fasting. Bastámí and the majority of his group also began forty days of prayer and fasting remaining at the Masjid when Mullá Ḥusayn departed. Bastámí and his group then traveled to Shiraz where Mullá Ḥusayn had settled. After a few days in the city Bastámí questioned why Mullá Ḥusayn had ceased traveling and advised him that if he claimed to be the Qa'im he would recognize him, prompting Mullá Ḥusayn to inform him that he was not the Qa'im but had found Him however he was not permitted to disclose his identity.
Bastámí remained in Shiraz and through prayer and meditation he reportedly deduced the identity of the Báb, around July 1844, and Mullá Ḥusayn accompanied him to an audience with Him during which Bastámí became a Bábí and a Letter of the Living. After a short time, during which all of Bastámí's companions also became Bábí's, the Báb instructed them to disperse to teach His claims with Bastámí being directed to travel to Iraq, and given the specific assignment of delivering a message to the prominent mujtahid Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí. The Báb advised that he would experience persecution and would need to have strong faith.
While leaving Shiraz Bastámí was approached by a youth, 'Abdu'l-Vahháb, who requested permission to accompany him to Iraq. Bastámí attempted to persuade him to remain in Shiraz was convinced to allow him to travel with him. When Vahháb's father became aware his son had left the city he traveled after them and violently attacked and injured Bastámí with a club and forced his son to return to Shiraz with him, although he later regretted his actions.
Although injured Bastámí was able to continue traveling and visited Bushehr where he met with Khál Akbar, an uncle of the Báb, and informed him of his nephews claims before arrivnig in Iraq between August and September 1844. Once in Iraq Bastámí established himself in Najaf where he was granted a public audience with Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí and openly proclaimed the Báb's claims, without disclosing His identity, which resulted in those attending being incensed. He then traveled to Karbila where he attempted to proclaim the claims of the Báb to the Shaykhí community of the city.
Although he had previously been respected in Iraq Bastámí was declared a heretic and an infidel, arrested, and taken to Baghdad to stand trial. While imprisoned in Baghdad he was allowed to have visitors and was able to teach the Báb's claims resulting in some becoming Bábí's. He was held for several months before the Governor of Baghdad called an assembly of leading Sunni and Shia clerics to conduct a trial in early 1845. During his trial there was disagreement between the Sunni and the Shia authorities with the Sunni sentencing him to execution whereas the Shia felt he should only be imprisoned or banished.
During the course of the trial Ḥájí Mírzá Áqásí, the Vizier of Iran, conveyed demands that Bastámí be extradited to Iran however the Governor of Baghdad refused on the grounds his case was under the jurisdiction of Ottoman authorities. As a result of diplomatic tensions the authorities in Baghdad decided to transfer Bastámí away from the border with Iran and he was transferred to Bolu. The Governor of Bolu then had him transferred to Istanbul. He was questioned again in Istanbul and reaffirmed his belief in the Báb and His claims and as the authorities feared he would spread his beliefs they sentenced him to hard labor on the naval dockyards of Istanbul.
The government of Iran continued to petition the Ottoman authorities for Bastámí to be extradited. In December 1846 the Ottomans agreed to send him to Iran and issued orders for him to be transferred, however it was found that he had passed away while undertaking forced labor a few days before the order was issued.
Bahaipedia
Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí
Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí (d. December, 1846) was a Shaykhí who became one of the first eighteen Bábí's and was named a Letter of the Living. He was the first person to proclaim and teach the Bábí religion in what is now Iraq in the Ottoman Empire, and is regarded as the first person to be persecuted for being a Bábí and the first Martyr.
Bastámí was born in the farming village of Bastám in the northwest of Khurasan and his family may have owned land in the area. He began studying religion in Bastám and later moved to Mashhad where he became a Shaykhí through Mulla Ja'far Kirmanshahi ultimately moving to Karbila where he studied directly under Siyyid Káẓim. He became close to Káẓim and a prominent member of the Shaykhí movement, and was highly respected as an Islamic scholar being regarded as possibly having the greatest knowledge of Shaykhí teachings of any of Káẓim's students.[3]
In the early 1840's Bastámí returned to Bastám but moved back to Karbila after two years. In 1843 he accompanied Siyyid Káẓim on his final pilgrimage to Najaf during which he advised his followers to disperse and seek out the Qa'im shortly before passing away. Káẓim's students returned to Karbila and did not disperse until January 1844 when Mullá Ḥusayn arrived in the city and encouraged them to follow Káẓim's instructions.
Later in 1844 Bastámí traveled with twelve other Shaykhí's to the Masjid-i-Kúfih where Mullá Ḥusayn had begun a period of forty days of prayer and fasting. Bastámí and the majority of his group also began forty days of prayer and fasting remaining at the Masjid when Mullá Ḥusayn departed. Bastámí and his group then traveled to Shiraz where Mullá Ḥusayn had settled. After a few days in the city Bastámí questioned why Mullá Ḥusayn had ceased traveling and advised him that if he claimed to be the Qa'im he would recognize him, prompting Mullá Ḥusayn to inform him that he was not the Qa'im but had found Him however he was not permitted to disclose his identity.
Bastámí remained in Shiraz and through prayer and meditation he reportedly deduced the identity of the Báb, around July 1844, and Mullá Ḥusayn accompanied him to an audience with Him during which Bastámí became a Bábí and a Letter of the Living. After a short time, during which all of Bastámí's companions also became Bábí's, the Báb instructed them to disperse to teach His claims with Bastámí being directed to travel to Iraq, and given the specific assignment of delivering a message to the prominent mujtahid Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí. The Báb advised that he would experience persecution and would need to have strong faith.
While leaving Shiraz Bastámí was approached by a youth, 'Abdu'l-Vahháb, who requested permission to accompany him to Iraq. Bastámí attempted to persuade him to remain in Shiraz was convinced to allow him to travel with him. When Vahháb's father became aware his son had left the city he traveled after them and violently attacked and injured Bastámí with a club and forced his son to return to Shiraz with him, although he later regretted his actions.
Although injured Bastámí was able to continue traveling and visited Bushehr where he met with Khál Akbar, an uncle of the Báb, and informed him of his nephews claims before arrivnig in Iraq between August and September 1844. Once in Iraq Bastámí established himself in Najaf where he was granted a public audience with Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí and openly proclaimed the Báb's claims, without disclosing His identity, which resulted in those attending being incensed. He then traveled to Karbila where he attempted to proclaim the claims of the Báb to the Shaykhí community of the city.
Although he had previously been respected in Iraq Bastámí was declared a heretic and an infidel, arrested, and taken to Baghdad to stand trial. While imprisoned in Baghdad he was allowed to have visitors and was able to teach the Báb's claims resulting in some becoming Bábí's. He was held for several months before the Governor of Baghdad called an assembly of leading Sunni and Shia clerics to conduct a trial in early 1845. During his trial there was disagreement between the Sunni and the Shia authorities with the Sunni sentencing him to execution whereas the Shia felt he should only be imprisoned or banished.
During the course of the trial Ḥájí Mírzá Áqásí, the Vizier of Iran, conveyed demands that Bastámí be extradited to Iran however the Governor of Baghdad refused on the grounds his case was under the jurisdiction of Ottoman authorities. As a result of diplomatic tensions the authorities in Baghdad decided to transfer Bastámí away from the border with Iran and he was transferred to Bolu. The Governor of Bolu then had him transferred to Istanbul. He was questioned again in Istanbul and reaffirmed his belief in the Báb and His claims and as the authorities feared he would spread his beliefs they sentenced him to hard labor on the naval dockyards of Istanbul.
The government of Iran continued to petition the Ottoman authorities for Bastámí to be extradited. In December 1846 the Ottomans agreed to send him to Iran and issued orders for him to be transferred, however it was found that he had passed away while undertaking forced labor a few days before the order was issued.
Bahaipedia
Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí (d. December, 1846) was a Shaykhí who became one of the first eighteen Bábí's and was named a Letter of the Living. He was the first person to proclaim and teach the Bábí religion in what is now Iraq in the Ottoman Empire, and is regarded as the first person to be persecuted for being a Bábí and the first Martyr.
Bastámí was born in the farming village of Bastám in the northwest of Khurasan and his family may have owned land in the area. He began studying religion in Bastám and later moved to Mashhad where he became a Shaykhí through Mulla Ja'far Kirmanshahi ultimately moving to Karbila where he studied directly under Siyyid Káẓim. He became close to Káẓim and a prominent member of the Shaykhí movement, and was highly respected as an Islamic scholar being regarded as possibly having the greatest knowledge of Shaykhí teachings of any of Káẓim's students.[3]
In the early 1840's Bastámí returned to Bastám but moved back to Karbila after two years. In 1843 he accompanied Siyyid Káẓim on his final pilgrimage to Najaf during which he advised his followers to disperse and seek out the Qa'im shortly before passing away. Káẓim's students returned to Karbila and did not disperse until January 1844 when Mullá Ḥusayn arrived in the city and encouraged them to follow Káẓim's instructions.
Later in 1844 Bastámí traveled with twelve other Shaykhí's to the Masjid-i-Kúfih where Mullá Ḥusayn had begun a period of forty days of prayer and fasting. Bastámí and the majority of his group also began forty days of prayer and fasting remaining at the Masjid when Mullá Ḥusayn departed. Bastámí and his group then traveled to Shiraz where Mullá Ḥusayn had settled. After a few days in the city Bastámí questioned why Mullá Ḥusayn had ceased traveling and advised him that if he claimed to be the Qa'im he would recognize him, prompting Mullá Ḥusayn to inform him that he was not the Qa'im but had found Him however he was not permitted to disclose his identity.
Bastámí remained in Shiraz and through prayer and meditation he reportedly deduced the identity of the Báb, around July 1844, and Mullá Ḥusayn accompanied him to an audience with Him during which Bastámí became a Bábí and a Letter of the Living. After a short time, during which all of Bastámí's companions also became Bábí's, the Báb instructed them to disperse to teach His claims with Bastámí being directed to travel to Iraq, and given the specific assignment of delivering a message to the prominent mujtahid Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí. The Báb advised that he would experience persecution and would need to have strong faith.
While leaving Shiraz Bastámí was approached by a youth, 'Abdu'l-Vahháb, who requested permission to accompany him to Iraq. Bastámí attempted to persuade him to remain in Shiraz was convinced to allow him to travel with him. When Vahháb's father became aware his son had left the city he traveled after them and violently attacked and injured Bastámí with a club and forced his son to return to Shiraz with him, although he later regretted his actions.
Although injured Bastámí was able to continue traveling and visited Bushehr where he met with Khál Akbar, an uncle of the Báb, and informed him of his nephews claims before arrivnig in Iraq between August and September 1844. Once in Iraq Bastámí established himself in Najaf where he was granted a public audience with Shaikh Muhammad Hasan Najafí and openly proclaimed the Báb's claims, without disclosing His identity, which resulted in those attending being incensed. He then traveled to Karbila where he attempted to proclaim the claims of the Báb to the Shaykhí community of the city.
Although he had previously been respected in Iraq Bastámí was declared a heretic and an infidel, arrested, and taken to Baghdad to stand trial. While imprisoned in Baghdad he was allowed to have visitors and was able to teach the Báb's claims resulting in some becoming Bábí's. He was held for several months before the Governor of Baghdad called an assembly of leading Sunni and Shia clerics to conduct a trial in early 1845. During his trial there was disagreement between the Sunni and the Shia authorities with the Sunni sentencing him to execution whereas the Shia felt he should only be imprisoned or banished.
During the course of the trial Ḥájí Mírzá Áqásí, the Vizier of Iran, conveyed demands that Bastámí be extradited to Iran however the Governor of Baghdad refused on the grounds his case was under the jurisdiction of Ottoman authorities. As a result of diplomatic tensions the authorities in Baghdad decided to transfer Bastámí away from the border with Iran and he was transferred to Bolu. The Governor of Bolu then had him transferred to Istanbul. He was questioned again in Istanbul and reaffirmed his belief in the Báb and His claims and as the authorities feared he would spread his beliefs they sentenced him to hard labor on the naval dockyards of Istanbul.
The government of Iran continued to petition the Ottoman authorities for Bastámí to be extradited. In December 1846 the Ottomans agreed to send him to Iran and issued orders for him to be transferred, however it was found that he had passed away while undertaking forced labor a few days before the order was issued.
Bahaipedia
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