French Monarch. Born at Vicennes, France, the eldest son of Jean II, King of France and Bonne Judith de Luxembourg. He was the first heir apparent of France to bear the title Dauphin. He married Jeanne de Bourbon in April 1350, and with her had at least nine children, six of whom predeceased him. With his father's capture at the Battle of Poitiers, Charles served as Regent during the king's imprisonment in England. He rejected a 1359 treaty the king signed while being held, eventually forcing the English to reduce terms. He succeeded to the title of King Charles V of France in 1364 at the death of his father. He spent much of his reign attempting to disperse the marauding bands of discharged soldiers in the country side, and recovering the territories ceded to the English; where he could, he negotiated with towns and cities to bring them back under the French crown. By 1374, he had recovered all of France except Calais and Aquitaine. A patron of the arts, he established the royal library and worked to embellish the Louvre. In 1376, when Pope Gregory XI decided to move his court back to Rome after nearly 70 years in Avignon, he ignored Charles' entreaties to remain in France. With Gregory's death 18 months later, Roman mobs surrounded the Vatican and demanded they elect a Roman, resulting in the election of Pope Urban VI; the majority French cardinals later declared the election invalid and voted for Pope Clement VII. Charles recognized Clement as Pope and forbade obedience to Urban in his kingdom, leading to the Papal Schism. The king died the following year, at the age of 42, and was succeeded by his 12-year-old son. He was also known as Charles the Wise.
French Monarch. Born at Vicennes, France, the eldest son of Jean II, King of France and Bonne Judith de Luxembourg. He was the first heir apparent of France to bear the title Dauphin. He married Jeanne de Bourbon in April 1350, and with her had at least nine children, six of whom predeceased him. With his father's capture at the Battle of Poitiers, Charles served as Regent during the king's imprisonment in England. He rejected a 1359 treaty the king signed while being held, eventually forcing the English to reduce terms. He succeeded to the title of King Charles V of France in 1364 at the death of his father. He spent much of his reign attempting to disperse the marauding bands of discharged soldiers in the country side, and recovering the territories ceded to the English; where he could, he negotiated with towns and cities to bring them back under the French crown. By 1374, he had recovered all of France except Calais and Aquitaine. A patron of the arts, he established the royal library and worked to embellish the Louvre. In 1376, when Pope Gregory XI decided to move his court back to Rome after nearly 70 years in Avignon, he ignored Charles' entreaties to remain in France. With Gregory's death 18 months later, Roman mobs surrounded the Vatican and demanded they elect a Roman, resulting in the election of Pope Urban VI; the majority French cardinals later declared the election invalid and voted for Pope Clement VII. Charles recognized Clement as Pope and forbade obedience to Urban in his kingdom, leading to the Papal Schism. The king died the following year, at the age of 42, and was succeeded by his 12-year-old son. He was also known as Charles the Wise.
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