The Middletown Cemetery originally contained four acres, in the south-east quarter of section No. 28. This ground was laid off by James HEATON, who surveyed it, thirteen lots being set aside for a potter's-field. The original trustees were Israel GIBSON, John M. BARRET, and Robert CAMPBELL. This was the 30th of May, 1827. The Middletown Cemetery Association was organized May 25, 1878. On the 4th of August, 1863, two acres were added, and again, October 11, 1869, five acres were purchased. In 1987 the city records were used to produce the "Burial Records Middletown "Pioneer" Cemetery 1827-1987". When the tombstones were impossible to read death certificates, internet sources, and the city records have been used to fill in some of the blanks. The cemetery has around 7,000 burials. Not all graves have tombstones, some tombstones have been buried and possibly some tombstones have been removed from the cemetery. The cemetery became the City of Middletown's responsibility when financial difficulties closed the cemetery. The cemetery is labeled the Middletown Cemetery on the new, 2005 sign at the front the cemetery. The USGS "GNIS" identification has the cemetery as the "Middletown Cemetery." Some call the cemetery the Pioneer Cemetery as many of Middletown's founding families are buried here. Some graves have been moved by families from the Middletown Cemetery to other cemeteries. Those removed to Woodside Cemetery and Arboretum may find more accurate records at the Woodside office. The Middletown Engineers Office maintains the burial records for the Middletown cemetery.

The cemetery is located in the City of Middletown, Butler County, Ohio, and is # 1282 (Middletown Cemetery) in "Ohio Cemeteries 1803-2003", compiled by the Ohio Genealogical Society.

The cemetery is registered with the Ohio Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing (ODRE) as Middletown Cemetery with registration license number CGR.0000982484.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) feature ID for the cemetery is 1052542 (Middletown Cemetery).